金陵怀古
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宋代]：王珪
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怀乡访古事悠悠，独上江城满目秋。
一鸟带烟来别渚，数帆和雨下归舟。
萧萧暮吹惊红叶，惨惨寒云压旧楼。
故国凄凉谁与问，人心无复更风流。
金陵怀古鉴赏
注：王珪时任北宋左相，写作此诗北宋在与西夏的两次战争中均遭失败。
首句破题，兼点时、地。为排解乡思而怀古，但往事如烟，相隔久远，难以追寻。独自踟蹰江边古城，扑入眼帘的只有萧索的秋景。“悠悠”、“独上”、“满目秋”，开篇即为全诗笼罩了一层孤寂、萧索的气氛，并与尾联的“故国凄凉’‘谁与问”形成呼应。
中间二联，即承接“独上江城满目秋”，着力描写诗人眼中的秋光。晚烟凄迷中，一只水鸟孤零零地落在僻静无人的沙洲上。秋雨淅淅沥沥，江面上稀落地飘零着几片帆影，驶向归途。萧瑟的晚风，把山麓层林的红叶吹得七零八落。暗淡的寒云密布低空，阴沉沉地似乎要把古城压垮。一句一景，犹如四幅画屏，物象虽不同，却同是淡墨素彩，集中反映了秋光的萧瑟，创造了一个寥落清冷的意境。
中间二联，融情于景，锻字炼句，显出作者艺术匠心。用“萧萧”“惨惨”修饰“暮吹”与“寒云”，摹声绘色，写出了晚风凄景，寒云惨淡，也写出了作者的心绪；“惊”运用拟人手法，既写出了秋风中“红叶”飘零的情状，也写出了诗人心头之“惊”；“压”既形象地写出了寒云之重，也表现出诗人心情之沉重。
尾联归结全诗，为金陵秋景图点睛。这历史上虎踞龙盘、人杰地灵的雄都，如今竟一派凄凉，无人过问；登临此地，谁也没有往日那种激扬分发、踌躇满志的风情气韵。“故国凄凉”应“江城满目秋”，“谁与问”应“独上”。“人心无复更风流”，由以上种种风物，水到渠成地诱发出了不吐不快的感慨，体现了诗人深深的忧思。
北宋立国不久，逐渐形成积弱集贫的局面。时任左相的作者，对国势日益衰微，感触必深。“故国凄凉”未必只是吊古之思，很可能是感慨国势的时代悲愁的曲折反映。
这首诗格调的寥落沉郁，与昂奋进取的盛唐气象迥然有别。宋朝立国不久，逐渐形成积贫积弱的痼疾，旨在缓和危机的王安石变法，虽部分地达到了“富国”的目的，但“强兵”的效果甚微。元丰四年、五年（1081---1082）同西夏进行两次战争，都惨遭失败。第二次的“永乐之败”，丧师二十万，神宗“临朝痛悼，为之不食”（《宋史纪事本末》卷四十）。当时王珪在朝身任左相，对国势日益凌夷，感触必深。《金陵怀古》的“故国凄凉”之叹，未必只是一般的发吊古之思，很可能是感慨国势的时代悲愁的曲折反映。
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乔吉《
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折桂令·丙子游越怀古》
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顾况《
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酅公合祔挽歌》
王珪简介
唐代·王珪的简介
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王珪（1019年—1085年6月12日），字禹玉，北宋名相、著名文学家。祖籍成都华阳，幼时随叔父迁居舒州（今安徽省潜山县）。仁宗庆历二年（1042年），王珪进士及第，高中榜眼。初通判扬州，召直集贤院。历官知制诰、翰林学士、知开封府等。哲宗即位，封岐国公。旋卒于位，年六十七，赠太师，谥文恭。王珪历仕三朝，典内外制十八年，朝廷大典册，多出其手。自执政至宰相，凡十六年，少所建明，时称“三旨相公”。原有文集百卷，已佚。《四库全书》辑有《华阳集》四十卷。
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