泊岳阳城下
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唐代]：杜甫
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江国逾千里，山城仅百层。
岸风翻夕浪，舟雪洒寒灯。
留滞才难尽，艰危气益增。
图南未可料，变化有鲲鹏。
泊岳阳城下译文及注释
译文
南国的江河众多，水程超过一千。岳阳城在巴陵山上，将近百层。
湖岸的风翻起晚浪，舟外的雪飘落灯前。
留滞他乡，有才无用，艰危时局，气节弥坚。
图南之举未可逆料，但鲲鹏变化是巨大的，将会飞向南天。
注释
江国：江河纵横的地方。
逾：越过。
仅：几乎，将近。
图南：语出《庄子》，谓鹏背青天，下乘风脊，一凌霄汉，图度南冥。今用为表示事业发韧，具有雄心壮志。
鲲鹏，庄子所假托的大鱼大鸟。
泊岳阳城下创作背景
此诗是杜甫晚年兵荒流离时乘舟从湖北初到岳阳所作。黄鹤注：“当是大历三年（768）冬深作。” 此时逢国破家衰的流亡之时，面临危难，贫病交加。而即便如此，诗人仍不忘满腔报国之心，临危弥坚，不弃不馁，诗歌意境悲怆而宏伟有力。
泊岳阳城下鉴赏
这首诗主要该从以下几个方面来看：首先，它的创作背景应该从“大历三年（768）冬”推出，安史之乱发生于756年，这场战乱给社会带来了极大的转变，也给知识分子的心理造成了极大的阴影。这点也反映到杜甫的诗歌当中，从一句可以看出杜甫此时的心情是很失落的。也是很迷茫的。因为他说安史之乱后的现实并未改变杜甫的忠君恋阙的心，但也流露出了一种迷茫的情绪。前途未卜，不知何去何从。其次，我们知道杜甫的诗歌十分重视炼字，他很讲究对仗，“江国逾千里，山城近百层。”的对仗十分工整，其中“翻”和“洒”字用的也十分贴切。最后，杜甫在此诗中还用了典故，就是“鲲鹏”，他引用了《庄子·逍遥游》中的典故，以鲲鹏的变化无常来暗示前途的不可预料。非常贴切。
以“江国逾千里，山城近百层”开端，写作者对岳阳的初识：浩瀚的江河之国有千里之大，层峦的山城有百层之高。气势宏博，旋即给读者留下深刻的印象。接下来转写近景：河岸的风吹卷着夜晚的江浪，小船上冰冷的灯光映照着纷飞落雪。由远及近，由大及小，既是对比，又是承辅，以浩瀚开篇，续写冷风寒灯，一远一近，一大一冷托衬出别样的悲怆。
“滞留才难尽，艰危气益增”：即使遭遇苦境停滞无法前行，心中的雄才大略也不会消退；艰难和危险反而更加激励气魄壮大，临危无惧而弥坚。接下来“图南未可料，变化有鲲鹏”句以图南，鲲鹏自喻远大之志向无可披靡。顺承上句的情感又更升一层，至此，诗歌的情境推向最高潮，并与前段的宏伟景色遥相呼应，似断犹续，首尾相照。
整首诗歌以豪景与壮志衬托出豪迈基调，又岸风夕浪，舟雪寒灯做起伏，及滞留，危难而转图南鲲鹏，意境起伏，富于节奏；承转顿挫，铿锵有力；情景呼应，浑然无间。
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杜甫《
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风疾舟中伏枕书怀三十六韵奉呈湖》
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白居易《
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舟中晚起》
杜甫简介
唐代·杜甫的简介
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杜甫（712－770），字子美，自号少陵野老，世称“杜工部”、“杜少陵”等，汉族，河南府巩县（今河南省巩义市）人，唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，杜甫被世人尊为“诗圣”，其诗被称为“诗史”。杜甫与李白合称“李杜”，为了跟另外两位诗人李商隐与杜牧即“小李杜”区别开来，杜甫与李白又合称“大李杜”。他忧国忧民，人格高尚，他的约1400余首诗被保留了下来，诗艺精湛，在中国古典诗歌中备受推崇，影响深远。759-766年间曾居成都，后世有杜甫草堂纪念。
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