诉衷情·一波才动万波随
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宋代]：黄庭坚
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戎州登临胜景，未尝不歌渔父家风，以谢江山。门生请问：先生家风如何？为拟金华道人作此章。
一波才动万波随，蓑笠一钩丝。金鳞正深处，千尺也须垂。
吞又吐，信还疑，上钩迟。水寒江静，满目青山，载月明归。
诉衷情·一波才动万波随译文及注释
译文
江上万顷波涛一个接一个涌来，戴斗笠披蓑衣的渔翁在江边垂钓。鱼儿正在水中深处，即使是深藏千尺也要钓上来。
鱼儿吞下了鱼饵又吐了出来，将信将疑迟迟不肯上钩。渔翁归来的时候已是水寒江静，只见满目青山明月当空。
注释
诉衷情：词牌名，唐教坊曲。
金华道人：即唐代词人张志和。自号烟波钓徒，东阳金华（今属浙江）人。曾写有《渔歌子》五首。
蓑笠（suō lì）：指披蓑衣、戴斗笠的渔翁。
金鳞（lín）：指鳞光闪闪的鱼。
迟：慢。
诉衷情·一波才动万波随创作背景
宋哲宗绍圣二年（1095年），词人因修《神宗实录》不实的罪名，被贬黔州（今重庆市彭水县）。词人被贬赋闲之时，登高览胜，目尽青天，感怀今古，不禁向往独钓江天、泛迹五湖的自由生活，于是写下了这首词。
参考资料：
1、上海辞书出版社文学鉴赏辞典编纂中心编著．《黄庭坚诗文鉴赏辞典》：上海辞书出版社，2012年05月：第197页
诉衷情·一波才动万波随鉴赏
题序“歌渔父家风，以谢江山”，表明了写作的真正动机，乃于表明自己面对江山胜景，幡然悔悟的解脱心理，但是这种自欺欺人的自由幻想，只是更说明现实对他的真实束缚。
词的上片，“一波才动万波随，蓑笠一钩丝”，这是幅寒江独钩图，一碧万顷，波花粼粼，有孤舟蓑笠翁，浮游其上，置身天地之间，垂钓于重渊深处，钩入水动，波纹四起，环环相随。这样空灵洒脱的境界令人逸怀浩气。“金鳞”二句写垂钓之兴：鱼翔深底，沉沦不起，为取水下金鳞，渔翁不惜垂丝千尺。此时此刻，渔父专注一念，神智空明，似乎正感受到水下之鱼盘旋于钓钩左右的情态。
词的下片，“吞又吐，信还疑，上钩迟”，这一虚设之笔描绘了渔翁闭目凝神，心与鱼游的垂钩之乐，这种快乐中，渔父举目江天山水，忽然得道忘鱼。末三句渲染出一幅空灵澄澈的江渔归晚图：“水寒江静，满目青山，载月明归。”透射出一种置身江天、脱落尘滓的逍遥追求，突出渔父这样一种澄静澹远的境界里，任漂泊而不问其所至，也正是自张志和至黄庭坚所立志以求的最高境界。
该词构思用意上搬用了唐代船子和尚的偈语，将张志和那种志不渝、逍遥自由的渔父家风，又升华为一种摆脱世网，顿悟入圣的精神境界，借此表明词人当时遭贬后的心胸抱负和向往独钓江天、泛迹五湖的自由生活。取景设境上具有象征色彩，用意于形象后面的暗示。特别是最后“水寒江静，满目青山，载月明归”三句，直以诗家之化境写禅宗之悟境，用自然超妙之景象征自己词人觉悟解脱，由凡入圣的心志襟怀。
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黄庭坚（1045.8.9-1105.5.24），字鲁直，号山谷道人，晚号涪翁，洪州分宁（今江西省九江市修水县）人，北宋著名文学家、书法家，为盛极一时的江西诗派开山之祖，与杜甫、陈师道和陈与义素有“一祖三宗”（黄庭坚为其中一宗）之称。与张耒、晁补之、秦观都游学于苏轼门下，合称为“苏门四学士”。生前与苏轼齐名，世称“苏黄”。著有《山谷词》，且黄庭坚书法亦能独树一格，为“宋四家”之一。
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