孟母三迁
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两汉]：刘向
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邹孟轲母，号孟母。其舍近墓。孟子之少时，嬉游为墓间之事。孟母曰：“此非吾所以居处子。”乃去，舍市旁。其嬉游为贾人炫卖之事。孟母又曰：“此非吾所以处吾子也。”复徙居学宫之旁。其嬉游乃设俎豆，揖让进退。孟母曰：“真可以处居子矣。”遂居。及孟子长，学六艺，卒成大儒之名。君子谓孟母善以渐化。
孟母三迁译文及注释
译文
孟子的母亲，人称孟母。当初她的家靠近墓地，因此孟子小时候，游戏玩耍的都是下葬哭丧一类的事，还特爱学造墓埋坟。孟母见了说到：“这里不该是我带着孩子住的地方。”于是将家搬到一处集市旁，孟子又学玩起了奸猾商人夸口买卖那一类的事。孟母又说：“这里也不是我该带着孩子居住的地方。”又将家搬到了一个学宫的旁边。这时孟子所学玩的，就是祭祀礼仪、作揖逊让、进退法度这类仪礼方面的学问了。孟母说：“这里才真正是可以让我孩子居住的地方。”于是就一直住在了这里。等到孟子长大成人，学精六艺，终于成为有名的大儒。后来的君子贤人都说孟母很善于利用环境渐染教化孩子。
注释
舍：家。
墓间之事：指埋葬、祭扫死人一类的事。
处子：安顿儿子。
乃：于是，就。
嬉：游戏，玩耍。
贾（gǔ）人：商贩。
炫卖：同“炫”，沿街叫卖，夸耀。
徙：迁移。
俎豆：古代祭祀用的两种盛器，此指祭礼仪式。
徙居：搬家。
及：等到。
大儒：圣贤。
揖让进退：即打拱作揖、进退朝堂等古代宾主相见的礼仪。
揖：作揖。
遂：最后。
市：集市。
居：家。
卒：最终，终于。
孟母三迁鉴赏
孟子是战国时期的大思想家。孟子从小丧父，全靠母亲倪氏一人日夜纺纱织布，挑起生活重担。倪氏是个勤劳而有见识的妇女，她希望自己的儿子读书上进，早日成才。
一次，孟母看到孟轲在跟邻居家的小孩儿打架，孟母觉得这里的环境不好，于是搬家了。
这次她把家搬到了荒郊野外。一天，孟子看到一溜穿着孝服的送葬队伍，哭哭啼啼地抬着棺材来到坟地，几个精壮小伙子用锄头挖出墓穴，把棺材埋了。他觉得挺好玩，就模仿着他们的动作，也用树枝挖开地面，认认真真地把一根小树枝当作死人埋了下去。直到孟母找来，才把他拉回了家。
（学商人磨刀，如果没有这一段不成立下一段第三次搬家）
孟母第三次搬家了。这次的家隔壁是一所学堂，有个胡子花白的老师教着一群大大小小的学生。老师每天摇头晃脑地领着学生念书，那拖腔拖调的声音就像唱歌，调皮的孟轲也跟着摇头晃脑地念了起来。孟母以为儿子喜欢念书了，高兴得很，就把孟轲送去上学。
可是有一天，孟轲逃学了。孟母知道后伤透了心。等孟轲玩够了回来，孟母把他叫到身边，说：“你贪玩逃学不读书，就像剪断了的布一样，织不成布；织不成布，就没有衣服穿；不好好读书，你就永远成不了人才。”说着，抄起剪刀，“哗”的一声，把织机上将要织好的布全剪断了。
孟轲吓得愣住了。这一次，孟轲心里真正受到了震动。他认真地思考了很久，终于明白了道理，从此专心读起书来。由于他天资聪明，后来又专门跟孔子的孙子子思学习，终于成了儒家学说的主要代表人物。
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刘义庆《
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陈元方候袁公》
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刘向《
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孟母三迁》
刘向简介
唐代·刘向的简介
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刘向（约前77—前6） 原名更生，字子政，祖籍沛郡（今属江苏徐州）人。西汉经学家、目录学家、文学家。刘向的散文主要是秦疏和校雠古书的“叙录”，较有名的有《谏营昌陵疏》和《战国策叙录》，叙事简约，理论畅达、舒缓平易是其主要特色。
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