荀巨伯探病友
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南北朝]：刘义庆
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荀巨伯远看友人疾值胡贼攻郡，友人语巨伯曰：“吾今死矣，子可去。”巨伯曰：“远来相视，子令吾去，败义以求生，岂荀巨伯所行邪？”贼既至，谓巨伯曰：“大军至，一郡尽空，汝何男子，而敢独止？“巨伯曰：“友人有疾，不忍委之，宁以我身代友人命。”贼相谓曰：“我辈无义之人，而入有义之国。”遂班军而还，一郡并获全。
荀巨伯探病友译文及注释
译文
荀巨伯到远方看望生病的朋友，正好遇上胡人来攻城。朋友对荀巨伯说：“我如今是快死的人了，你赶快离开吧！”荀巨伯说：“我远道而来看望你，你却要我离开；败坏道义来求生，怎么是我的行为呢？” 等到贼兵来了，问荀巨伯说：“大军一到，全城的人都逃走了，你是什么人，竟敢独自停留在这里？”荀巨伯回答说：“朋友有疾病，(我)不忍心抛下他，宁愿用我的性命来换取朋友的生命。”贼兵听后相互说道：“我们这些无义的人，却要攻入这个讲究道义的地方！”于是调动整个军队回去了，全城因而得以保留。
注释
语：对…说
子：尊称，相当于“您”
去：离开
败义：毁坏道义
岂：难道
既：已经
一：整个
止：停留
委：丢下；舍弃
遂：于是
班军：调回军队，班：撤回
还：回去
并：都
荀巨伯探病友鉴赏
荀巨伯冒着生命危险也要保护他的病友，是因为他们的友谊建立在道义基础上，这样的友谊，才是君子之交。义气，不会因富贵贫贱或生死祸福而改变立场与做法，义气是为了正当的事情，而主动愿意替别人承担危险，甚至不惜舍弃自我，成全他人的气度，这也是“真”、“诚”的一种体现。一桩舍生取义的义举，不仅救了朋友的性命，更让敌军自惭而退，可见“义”以及道德的强大感化力量。这则故事除了让我们见证到患难见真情的可贵外，荀巨伯在生死关头还能不忘圣贤书所言，而表现出大义凛然的行为，更让我们学习到读书人笃行真理的精神。
从中揭示了一个道理：做人应该讲情意,舍生取义的义举不仅救了他人性命,更是拯救了一座城,乃至一个国家!坚守信义、大义凛然、对友忠诚、舍生取义、重情义、把情意看得比生命还重要。这样的人是我们去尊敬的，也是我们要好好学习的。''我辈无义之人，而入有义之国。"是文章的点睛之笔.
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刘向《
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文侯与虞人期猎》
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佚名《
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董行成》
刘义庆简介
唐代·刘义庆的简介
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刘义庆（403—444）汉族，彭城（今江苏徐州）人。字季伯，南北朝文学家。自幼才华出众，爱好文学，并广招四方文学之士，聚于门下。刘宋宗室，袭封临川王，公元444年（元嘉21年）死于建康（今南京）。除《世说新语》外，还著有志怪小说《幽明录》。
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