鹬蚌相争
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两汉]：刘向
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赵且伐燕，苏代为燕谓惠王曰：“今者臣来，过易水。蚌方出曝，而鹬啄其肉，蚌合而箝其喙。鹬曰：‘今日不雨，明日不雨，即有死蚌！’蚌亦谓鹬曰：‘今日不出，明日不出，即有死鹬！’两者不肯相舍，渔者得而并禽之。今赵且伐燕，燕赵久相支，以弊大众，臣恐强秦之为渔夫也。故愿王之熟计之也！”惠王曰：“善。”乃止。
鹬蚌相争译文及注释
译文
赵国将要出战燕国，苏代为燕国对惠王说：“今天我来，路过了易水，看见一只河蚌正从水里出来晒太阳，一只鹬飞来啄它的肉，河蚌马上闭拢，夹住了鹬的嘴。鹬说：‘今天不下雨，明天不下雨，就会干死你。’河蚌也对鹬说：‘今天你的嘴不取，明天你的嘴不取，就会饿死你。’两个不肯互相放弃，结果一个渔夫把它们俩一起捉走了。现在赵国将要攻打燕国，燕赵如果长期相持不下，老百姓就会疲惫不堪，我担心强大的秦国就要成为那不劳而获的渔翁了。所以我希望大王认真考虑出兵之事。”赵惠文王说：“好吧。”于是停止出兵攻打燕国。
注释
方：刚刚。
蚌：贝类，软体动物有两个椭圆形介壳，可以开闭
曝：晒。
支：支持，即相持、对峙
鹬：一种水鸟，羽毛呈茶褐色，嘴和腿都细长，常在浅水边或水田中捕食小鱼、昆虫、河蚌等。
箝：同“钳”，把东西夹住的意思
喙：嘴，专指鸟兽的嘴。
雨：这里用作动词，下雨。
即：就，那就。
谓：对……说。
舍：放弃。
相舍：互相放弃。
并：一起，一齐，一同。
禽：同“擒”，捕捉，抓住。
且：将要。
弊：弊病；害处，这里指疲弊的意思。
禽：通“擒”，捕捉。
恐：担心。
为：替，给。
鹬蚌相争鉴赏
有一天，天气很好，太阳照在大地上，一只河蚌顺着河水上了岸，躺在沙滩上，张开两个蚌壳悠闲地晒着太阳。
这时，一只名鹬的水鸟从河边飞过。鹬鸟悄悄地落在河蚌附，轻轻地走到河蚌旁边，猛地伸着又长又尖的嘴巴，猛的捉住了甲壳内的蚌肉。
河蚌反应也很快，鹬鸟一咬住蚌肉，它就猛然合上蚌壳，紧紧夹住了鹬鸟的长嘴。
鹬鸟急了，赶紧甩动长嘴，想甩开河蚌。可是河蚌夹得很紧，根本甩不开。它们各自用力搏斗了一会儿，鹬鸟和河蚌谁也不肯相让，就这样僵持着。
双方争吵起来。鹬鸟威胁河蚌说："你若不张开甲壳，今天不下雨，明天也不下雨，你会被晒死在这里的，我看你能撑到什么时候。
河蚌也不甘示弱地说：我今天不放你，明天不放你，您的嘴巴抽不出来，你就会在这里饿死和憋死在这河滩上，
就这样，鹬鸟和河蚌谁也不肯让谁。时间一长，它们俩都累得筋疲力尽。
正在这时，一个老渔夫从河滩打鱼回家路过，就从沙滩上走过。看见鹬蚌相争的情景，渔夫觉得很有趣。他悄悄地走上前去，没有费多大力气，把两个一起抓住，高兴地拿走了。
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吕不韦 撰《
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掩耳盗铃》
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刘向《
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画蛇添足》
刘向简介
唐代·刘向的简介
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刘向（约前77—前6） 原名更生，字子政，祖籍沛郡（今属江苏徐州）人。西汉经学家、目录学家、文学家。刘向的散文主要是秦疏和校雠古书的“叙录”，较有名的有《谏营昌陵疏》和《战国策叙录》，叙事简约，理论畅达、舒缓平易是其主要特色。
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