诉衷情·寒食
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宋代]：仲殊
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涌金门外小瀛洲。寒食更风流。红船满湖歌吹，花外有高楼。晴日暖，淡烟浮。恣嬉游。三千粉黛，十二阑干，一片云头。
诉衷情·寒食鉴赏
此词写西湖寒食时节游人盛况。全词奇丽清婉而造境空灵，歌咏西湖的诗词佳作中别饶风姿，构思新颖，立意深刻。
上片开头两句点明地点、时令。首句称西湖为“小瀛洲”。“瀛洲”为海上神山之一。月山有水的胜地，用海上神山比之也正相合。而西湖之秀美又不似海山之壮浪，着一“小”字最贴切不过。下句“寒食更风流”则是全篇点睛之笔。“风流”一词本常用于写人，用写湖山，是暗将西湖比作了西子。寒食佳节，作为游览胜地的西湖更是别有景象，不同常日，故“寒食更风流”。“更风流”进一层，仍是笼统言之，三句以下才具体描写，用语皆疏淡而有味。把游湖大船称做“红船”，与“风流”“小瀛洲”配色相宜。厉鹗《湖船录》引释道原诗：“水口红船是妾家”，则红船或是妓船，故有“歌吹”。“花外有高楼”则用空间错位的笔触画出坐落湖畔山麓的画楼。这是一个阳光灿烂的日子，湖上飘着一层柔曼的轻纱，过片“晴日暖，淡烟浮”就清妙地画出这番景致。于是春花、红船、画楼、湖光、山色共同构成一幅美妙的图画，画外还伴奏着箫管歌吹之音乐。于此处下“恣嬉游”这三字，才觉真力弥满，游春士女之众可想而知。词人却并不铺写这种盛况，而采有了举一反三、画龙点睛的手法写道：“三千粉黛，十二阑干”。以“粉黛”代美人，言外香风满湖，与“风流”二字照应。美人竟然如此之多，则满湖游众之多更不待言了。“阑干”与“高楼”照映，又包括湖上的亭阁，使人窥斑见豹。
结尾三句用数字领起全篇精神。“三千”极写“粉黛”之多，“十二”描“高楼”宽敞。实际词人如此为之的深意是表达富贵荣华都如过眼云烟的人生感悟。同时语言精整而凝炼。特别是鼎足对的运用很有趣味，写随数目的递减，景象渐由湖面移向天外，形象由繁多而渐次浑一，意境也逐渐高远，至最后的“一片云头”之句，颇含不尽之意。《维摩经》云：“是身如浮云，须臾变灭，”李白《宫中行乐词》云：“只愁歌舞散，化作彩云飞。”作者巧用“浮云”之喻，于写足繁华热闹之后，著一冷语，遂使全篇顿添深意。
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邵谒《
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长安寒食》
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柳宗元《
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笼鹰词》
仲殊简介
唐代·仲殊的简介
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北宋僧人、词人。字师利。安州（今湖北安陆）人。本姓张，名挥，仲殊为其法号。曾应进士科考试。生卒年不详。年轻时游荡不羁，几乎被妻子毒死，弃家为僧，先后寓居苏州承天寺、杭州宝月寺，因时常食蜜以解毒，人称蜜殊；或又用其俗名称他为僧挥。他与苏轼往来甚厚。徽宗崇宁年间自缢而死。
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