山斋独坐赠薛内史
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隋代]：杨素
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居山四望阻，风云竟朝夕。
深溪横古树，空岩卧幽石。
日出远岫明，鸟散空林寂。
兰庭动幽气，竹室生虚白。
落花入户飞，细草当阶积。
桂酒徒盈樽，故人不在席。
日落山之幽，临风望羽客。
岩壑澄清景，景清岩壑深。
白云飞暮色，绿水激清音。
涧户散余彩，山窗凝宿阴。
花草共萦映，树石相陵临。
独坐对陈榻，无客有鸣琴。
寂寂幽山里，谁知无闷心。
山斋独坐赠薛内史创作背景
此诗作于隋朝初年。杨素是隋代军事统帅，他的诗有一种朴质劲健的气质，已经开唐代风骨、声律兼备诗风之先声。《山斋独坐赠薛内史诗二首》便是体现他诗风的代表作。薛道衡在隋初曾任内史舍人，与杨素经常诗歌唱酬。薛道衡集中有《敬酬杨仆射山斋独坐诗》，即酬杨素此篇。
参考资料：
1、吴小如 等．汉魏六朝诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1992：1455-1456
山斋独坐赠薛内史鉴赏
本诗给人一种寂寞空灵之感，一切都很淡，都很静，有飘浮不可捉摸之感。
“居山四望阻，风云竞朝夕。”起势空灵飘远，极富意境，让人眼前有高山环绕、云雨流离之感。字面一拆，字字无奇，字面一合，顿时有百倍的意境，可见，意远在言外。这是对大环境的冲淡的一笔。“深溪横古树，空岩卧幽石。”对仗工整，虚中逐渐趋实，但是空灵的意境有所损伤。本句刻画了环境的静、深、幽，进一步为后面的愁绪造势，正在渐渐地深入之中。“日出远岫明，鸟散空林寂。”忽又摇开，造成跌宕的姿态，有小波澜摇曳。这一句的奇在于：日出天明，本该是生机复发、百鸟歌唱、心情舒畅的时刻，作者却逆意而行，对“寂”作进一步的渲染，那淡淡的愁丝几乎已经洋溢出字面，懒懒地在心中潜行了。
再而写到居室，“幽气”“虚白”“落花”“细草”都围绕着居室来写，刻画其幽静、寂寞、凄清的感觉，一切的感觉都是清冷，没有人气。居室的四句，看来仍然是景物描写，无一字提“愁”，无一字提“思”，但是寂寞惆怅之感已经伸手可及，全然浸满读者的心灵。一切的愁绪，后四句给出了原因：故人不在，复又思念故人。美酒盈樽，对面无人，更形伤感。“日暮山之幽，临风望羽客。”最后突又摇开，复现空灵幽远之感，成一摇曳的大波澜。“日暮”暗中呼应“日出”，机心巧运，告诉读者，这思念，又在这日升日落之中独自消受了一天：朝夕之风云，也正对着了这朝夕之愁肠。
本诗哀而不伤，朴实不事雕琢，感情自然而不矫饰。机心藏而不露，自然天成，看似信笔而来，实则颇有匠心。描写起自远山空林，再至兰庭幽室，再至盈樽美酒，由远及近，由大而小，由粗而细，由虚而实，其中情思，缓缓流淌，由朦胧而至清晰。最后忽又挽回到日暮远山，感情也到此提升到前所未有的高度，使全诗浑成一体，从景到情，圆满无缺。
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薛涛《
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寄张元夫》
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司马光《
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训俭示康》
杨素简介
唐代·杨素的简介
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杨素（544年—606年8月31日），字处道。汉族，弘农华阴（今属陕西）人。隋朝权臣、诗人，杰出的军事家、统帅。 他出身北朝士族，北周时任车骑将军，曾参加平定北齐之役。他与杨坚（隋文帝）深相结纳。杨坚为帝，任杨素为御史大夫，后以行军元帅率水军东下攻陈。灭陈后，进爵为越国公，任内史令。杨广即位，拜司徒，改封楚国公。去世后谥曰景武。
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