宫怨
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唐代]:司马扎
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年年花落无人见,空逐春泉出御沟。
宫怨鉴赏
这首诗题为“宫怨”,却没有出现宫女的形象,而是运用象征手法,通过宫苑景物和环境气氛的描写,烘托、暗示出宫女的愁怨之情。
头两句抓住深宫寂寥、令人厌倦的特点,着眼于“柳色”和“莺啼”,描绘柳掩画楼、莺啼晓日,表现出“深锁春光一院愁”(刘禹锡《春词》)的情境。“柳色参差”,用语精炼,不仅写出宫柳的柔条长短参差,而且表现出它在晨曦中的颜色明暗、深浅不一。“掩画楼”,则写出宫柳枝叶繁茂、树荫浓密。宫苑中绿荫画楼,莺声宛啭,本是一派明媚春光。但失去自由、失去爱情的宫女,对此却别有一种感受。清晨,柳荫中传来一声声莺啼,反引起宫女们心中无穷愁绪,整个宫苑充满了凄凉悲愁的气氛。暮春柳色掩映画楼,透露出春愁锁闭、美人迟暮之感。
后两句写落花,以宫花零落、随水流逝的景象,宫花非不美,但年年自开自落,无人观赏,无声无息地凋零,飘入御沟随流水逝去。在宫女看来,自己的命运与这落花又何其相似!“无人见”,写出宫女被幽禁之苦:“逐春泉”,喻韶光的流逝。前面着一“空”字,表达了宫女的幽禁生活中白白消磨青春的哀怨之情。正如明代唐汝询《唐诗解》所说:“因想已容色凋谢而人莫知,正如花之湮灭沟中耳!”
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上一首:
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顾况《
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宫词五首·其二》
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下一首:
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王昌龄《
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西宫春怨》
司马扎简介
唐代·司马扎的简介
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司马扎,生卒年里贯均未详,唐宣宗大中(847~858)前后在世。曾登进士第,有诗名,与储嗣宗友善。著有《司马先辈集》,《全唐诗》。
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明代:
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