好事近·汴京赐宴闻教坊乐有感
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宋代]：韩元吉
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凝碧旧池头，一听管弦凄切。多少梨园声在，总不堪华发。
杏花无处避春愁，也傍野烟发。惟有御沟声断，似知人呜咽。
好事近·汴京赐宴闻教坊乐有感译文及注释
译文
想起往日宫廷中的池苑，一听到过去宫中的音乐，我立刻感到无限的凄凉之情。有多少当年梨园的曲调在里面，一声声，令我这白发老人实在难以回想往事所添的忧愁。
乱世之间，杏花也无处可逃，只有独自依傍着荒野默默开放，没有人欣赏和怜惜。只有御沟中的水声，知道人心中的忧伤。
注释
好事近：词牌名。又名《钓船笛》，《张子野词》入“仙吕宫”。双调四十五字，前后片各两仄韵，以入声韵为宜。两结句皆上一、下四句法。
凝碧：王维被安禄山所拘，曾赋《凝碧池》诗。
池头：犹池边。
管弦：指管弦乐。
梨园：唐明皇选坐部伎子弟三百，教于梨园，号皇帝梨园弟子。宫女数百，亦称梨园弟子。后泛指演剧的地方为梨园。
华发：花白头发。
御沟：皇宫水沟。
参考资料：
1、上彊邨民(编) 蔡义江（解）．宋词三百首全解． 上海 ：复旦大学出版社，2008/11/1：第188-189页
2、吕明涛，谷学彝编著 ．宋词三百首 ．北京： 中华书局 ， 2009.7：第189-190页
好事近·汴京赐宴闻教坊乐有感创作背景
宋孝宗乾道八年（1172）十二月，试礼部尚书韩元吉，利州观察使郑兴裔被遣为正、副使。到金朝去祝贺次年三月初一的万春节（金主完颜雍生辰）。行至汴梁（时为金人的南京）金人设宴招待。席间词人触景生情，百感交集，随后赋下这首小词。
好事近·汴京赐宴闻教坊乐有感鉴赏
这首小词可谓字字哀婉，句句凄切，爱国情思通贯全篇。汴京原是宋朝故都，特别是上源驿原是宋太祖赵匡胤举行陈桥兵变、夺取后周政权、奠定宋朝基业的发祥地。可是经过“靖康之变”，这儿竟成了金人的天下。如今韩元吉来到这宋朝的故都，宋朝的发祥之地，江山依旧，人物全非，怎能不凄然饮泣？
词的上片运用了一个情境与它相似的历史事件，抒写此时此际的痛苦。据《明皇杂录》记载，天宝末年，安禄山叛军攻陷东都洛阳，大会凝碧池，令梨园子弟演奏乐曲，他们皆欷？#91;泣下，乐工雷海青则掷乐器于地，西向大恸。诗人王维在被囚禁中听到这一消息，暗地里写了一首诗：“万户伤心生野烟，百宫何日再朝天？秋槐叶落深宫里，凝碧池头奏管弦。”诗中描写了战后深宫的荒凉景象，表达了自己的哀苦心境。韩元吉此词，在措词与构思上，无疑是受到这首诗的影响。但它所写的矛盾更加尖锐，感情更加沉痛。
因为作者是直接置身于矛盾冲突之中，对心灵的震动更甚。“凝碧池”虽是以古喻今，属于虚指，而着一“旧”字，则有深沉的含义。偏偏就在这宋朝旧时“虏使迎饯之所”，听到宋朝旧时的教坊音乐，“汉使作客胡作主”，整个历史来了一个颠倒。这对于一个忠于宋朝的使者来说，该是多么强烈的刺激！上源驿的一草一木，教坊乐中的一字一腔，无不震撼着他的心灵，于是词人不禁发出一声感叹：“多少梨园声在，总不堪华发！”这是一个从声音到外貌的转化，其中蕴含着复杂的心理矛盾，包藏着无比深沉的隐痛。因为这音乐能触发人的悲愁，而悲愁又易催人衰老，所以说“总不堪华发”。词人以形象精炼的言语，道出了自己在特定环境下复杂心理活动，手法是极其高明的。
词的下片，构思尤为巧妙。开头两句，既点时间，亦写环境，并用杏花以自拟“杏花无处避春愁，也傍野烟发。”以虚带实，兴寄遥深，其中隐有深刻的含义。所谓写实，是指杏花在二月间开花，而汴京赐宴恰在其时。金人的万春节在其中都燕山（今北京市）举行庆典，韩元吉此行的目的地为燕山；其到汴京时间，当如前引陆游诗所云在二月中间。杏花无法避开料峭的寒风，终于在战后荒凉的土地上开放了；词人也象杏花一样，虽欲避开敌对的金人，但因身负使命，不得不参与宴会，不得不聆听令人兴感生悲的教坊音乐。词人以杏花自喻，形象美丽而高洁；以野烟象征战后荒凉景象，亦极富于意境。而“无处避春愁”五字，则是“词眼”所在。有此五字，则使杏花人格化，使杏花与词人产生形象上的联系。此之谓美学上的移情。“野烟”二字，虽从王维诗中来：“杏花”的意念，也可能受到王维诗中的“秋槐”句的启迪，但词人把它紧密地联系实境，加以发展与熔铸，已浑然一体，构成一个具有独特个性的艺术品。
结尾二句仍以拟人化的手法，抒发心中的悲哀。北宋汴京御沟里水，本是长年流淌的。可是经过战争的破坏，早已阻塞干涸了。再也听不到潺潺流淌的声音。这在寻常人看来可能没什么感觉，可是对韩元吉这位宋朝的使臣来说，却引起他无穷的感怆，他胸中怀有黍离之悲，故国之思，想要发泄出来，却碍于当时的处境。满腔泪水，让它咽入腹中。但这种感情又不得不抒发，于是赋予御沟流水以人的灵性，说它之所以不流，乃是由于理解到词人内心蕴有无限痛苦，怕听到呜咽的水声会引起抽泣。这样的描写是非常准确而又深刻的。人们读到这里，不禁在感情上也会引起共鸣。
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刘辰翁《
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柳永《
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忆帝京·薄衾小枕凉天气》
韩元吉简介
唐代·韩元吉的简介
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韩元吉(1118～1187),南宋词人。字无咎，号南涧。汉族，开封雍邱（今河南开封市）人，一作许昌（今属河南）人。韩元吉词多抒发山林情趣，如〔柳梢青〕"云淡秋云"、〔贺新郎〕"病起情怀恶"等。著有《涧泉集》、《涧泉日记》、《南涧甲乙稿》、《南涧诗余》。存词80余首。
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僦却楼居恣赏春，临溪更得采香蘋。一瓢醴酒常浮月，数箧遗书不受尘。
静语未尝关世务，醉眠多是任天真。耆年无恙贫无虑，绛帐传经喜有人。