减字木兰花·天涯旧恨
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宋代]：秦观
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天涯旧恨，独自凄凉人不问。欲见回肠，断尽金炉小篆香。
黛蛾(é)长敛，任是春风吹不展。困倚危楼，过尽飞鸿字字愁。
减字木兰花·天涯旧恨译文及注释
译文
远隔天涯旧恨绵绵，凄凄凉凉孤独度日无人问讯。要想知道我是如何愁肠百结，就像金炉中燃尽的篆香。
长眉总是紧锁，任凭春风劲吹也不舒展。困倦地倚靠高楼栏杆，看那高飞的雁行，字字都是愁。
注释
减字木兰花：词牌名。此调将《偷声木兰花》上下阕起句各减三字，故名。
篆（zhuàn）香：比喻盘香和缭绕的香烟。
黛蛾：指眉毛。
减字木兰花·天涯旧恨鉴赏
黛蛾长敛，任是春风吹不展。困倚危楼，过尽飞鸿字字愁。
这是写一个独处女子，在困人的春天思念远方GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情人的离愁别恨至深的词。词的上片“天涯”二句，首句“天涯”就距离写游子之远、彼此分离天各一方，“旧恨”就时间写分手之后，别愁离恨之长。次句，“人不问”，写无人对语，独居高楼，本够凄凉，有谁关心慰问，即连同情的人都没有，故“独自凄凉”，即分外感觉到凄凉难堪了。这里“人不问”之人，当指为其朝思暮想远在“天涯”之人。其人“不问”，可知音信不通，相思难寄，这就必然加重了她对远方GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情人的思念更加迫切，相见的欲望更加强烈。“欲见”两句，写女子在百无聊赖愁苦之极，只好用燃香数刻来耗费时间。“欲见”写怀GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情人之切，“回肠”写内心之痛，用形状回环如篆的盘香，形容恰如人的回肠百转。“断尽”，指炷一根根断尽。这里用以突出女子柔肠寸断，即“一寸相思一寸灰”的强烈感受。香断烟消，也是形容时间流逝、愁闷未散，女子的愿望终于烟雾一样虚幻。总之，这两句极写其相思怀人的愁苦。
过片从一年四季写愁。“黛蛾”两句写这位女子从冬到春愁眉难展的情状。由于别恨难消，故存于心头而现于眉梢，以致常是愁眉紧锁，尽管春天来临，“东风”劲吹，具有神奇伟大的东风，吹绿了大地江岸，吹开了百花吐艳。但无论怎样吹拂，也吹不展她的一双愁眉，这就深刻地揭示出在“长敛”、“不展”背后其愁恨的深重。此句构思特妙，它和辛词《鹧鸪天》“春风不染白发须”同一机杼，都可说是文艺美学上无理而妙的写法。即通过这种似乎无理的描写，却更深刻地表达了人的情思，给人以无穷的韵味。歇拍“困倚”二句，写她从夏到秋守傍高楼，默默无语地目视一群群大雁消失在遥远的天边，渴望着有远人锦书的到来，但她凭着自己有多少次失望的经验，明知那毕竟是缥缈无凭的幻想，即使倚遍危楼，也依然是天涯离恨。因此在她眼里，那远去飞鸿组成的“人”字飞翔，实际上都可说是一个个“愁”字而已。这就是俗话说的“GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情人眼里出西施”。因为她思念GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情人，见雁字倍增愁思，“人”字也就变成了“愁”字。因为人在激情强烈情况下，客观景物在人的眼里会改变情调色彩的。所以，王国维说：“以我观物，故物我皆著我之色彩。”这话是言之有理的。
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陈允平《
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秦观简介
唐代·秦观的简介
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秦观（1049-1100）字太虚，又字少游，别号邗沟居士，世称淮海先生。汉族，北宋高邮（今江苏）人，官至太学博士，国史馆编修。秦观一 生坎坷，所写诗词，高古沉重，寄托身世，感人至深。秦观生前行踪所至之处，多有遗迹。如浙江杭州的秦少游祠，丽水的秦少游塑像、淮海先生祠、莺花亭；青田的秦学士祠；湖南郴州三绝碑；广西横县的海棠亭、醉乡亭、淮海堂、淮海书院等。秦观墓在无锡惠山之北粲山上，墓碑上书“秦龙图墓”几个大字。有秦家村、秦家大院以及省级文物保护单位古文游台。
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