石州引·薄雨初寒
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宋代]：贺铸
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薄雨初寒，斜照弄晴，春意空阔。长亭柳色才黄，远客一枝先折。烟横水际，映带几点归鸦，东风销尽龙沙雪。还记出关来，恰而今时节。
将发。画楼芳酒，红泪清歌，顿成轻别。已是经年，杳杳音尘多绝。欲知方寸，共有几许清愁，芭蕉不展丁香结。枉望断天涯，两厌厌风月。
石州引·薄雨初寒鉴赏
此词抒写离别相思之情。作品内容上虽无新意，但炼字的精工方面却向为世人称道。关于这一点，王灼《碧鸡漫志》中，介绍得颇为具体：“贺方回《石州慢》予见其旧稿。‘风色收寒，云影弄睛’，改作‘薄雨收寒，斜照弄睛’；又‘冰垂玉箸，向午滴沥檐楹，泥融消尽墙阴雪’改作‘烟横水际，映带几点归鸿，东风消尽龙沙雪。’”
起首两句写由雨而睛。初春天气阴冷，细雨绵绵，午后云开雾散，雨止天晴，“弄晴”二字写出了雨后斜阳照射下万物焕然一新的景象。“春意空阔”一句，便是这种景象的概括。接着就由近而远地渲染，近处写得具体、细致——“长亭柳色才黄，远客一枝先折”；远景则阔大、苍茫——“烟横水际，映带几点归鸿，东风销尽龙沙雪”。（龙沙，沙漠地带的通称。）层次井然，笔势酣畅多姿。贺铸是善于炼字的，“薄雨”与“斜照”对比鲜明，于变化之中烘托出雨后斜阳的光彩和温暖，显出春意的盎然，空气的清新，景色的明静，以至“才黄”的柳色也引人注目。“烟横”几句，写得境界开阔，画面丰富，景中含情。这样“春意空阔”也就有了更形象的依托。上片歇拍两句，收束前文写景之句，使景语化为情语，使上面所写景物与词人的生活经历相联系，使之具有特定的内涵，例如：“空阔”，是雨止天晴、四宇寥廊之景，然而此时此刻愈是空阔，则愈觉孤寂，愈能触发思亲怀人的感情：“长这柳色”是景，然亦含有别情：“烟横”三句，也暗写了雁归人不归、春归人未归的感慨。这两句，实为全词意脉的枢细。
过片沿着“还记”追思当年的分别。“将发”二字，写自己即将辞别登程，极其干净利落。“画楼”二句写酒楼宴别，“红泪”，指佳人胭脂沾满了离别的泪水。“顿成轻别”，追忆以往，透露出无限悔恨之情。“回首经年，杳杳音尘都绝”。音尘，即信息。这两句语浅情深。年年盼相见，盼音信，然而却是“音尘都绝”，表现出别后之思和思而不见之苦。由“轻别”而思，而悔，而愁。思与悔已融合上面的写景叙事之中。作者先以一问句引出“愁”字，“共有”二字又逗出了两地同愁。“芭蕉不展丁香结”，芭蕉叶卷而不舒，丁香花蕾丛生，芭蕉、丁香两个形象都是用来形容愁心不解。这一句化用唐李商隐《代赠》“芭蕉不展丁香结，同向春风各自愁”诗句。同时，也是化用了那女子诗中的两句，这样既回答了愁之深，又表达了了解和怜惜之意。
结句“枉望断天涯，两厌厌风月”。“两”字与“共有”相呼应，厌厌，愁苦的样子。这两句写得空灵蕴藉，既总括了回首经年，天各一方，两心相念，音信杳然，只有“玉楼明月长相忆”；也说出了，关山渺邈，天涯之思，对景难排，心底总隐藏着不灭的思念和期望。
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韦庄《
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菩萨蛮·红楼别夜堪惆怅》
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姜夔《
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踏莎行·自沔东来丁未元日至金陵》
贺铸简介
唐代·贺铸的简介
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贺铸(1052～1125) 北宋词人。字方回，号庆湖遗老。汉族，卫州（今河南卫辉）人。宋太祖贺皇后族孙，所娶亦宗室之女。自称远祖本居山阴，是唐贺知章后裔，以知章居庆湖（即镜湖），故自号庆湖遗老。
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