捣练子令·深院静
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五代]：李煜
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深院静，小庭空，断续寒砧断续风。
无奈夜长人不寐，数声和月到帘栊。
捣练子令·深院静译文及注释
译文
秋风送来了断续的寒砧声，在小庭深院中，听得格外真切。夜深了，月光和砧声穿进帘栊，更使人联想到征人在外，勾起了绵绵的离恨和相思。因而长夜不寐，愁思百结。
注释
砧（zhēn）：捣衣石。
寒砧：寒夜捣帛声。古代秋来，家人捣帛为他乡游子准备寒衣。
栊：窗户。
捣练子令·深院静创作背景
975年（开宝八年），宋朝灭南唐，李煜亡家败国，肉袒出降，被囚禁待罪于汴京。李煜的词以被俘为界，分为前后两期，后期词作多倾泻失国之痛和去国之思，沉郁哀婉，感人至深。《捣练子令·深院静》属于李煜后期的作品，写出了词人因寒夜捣衣之声而引起的各种离怀愁绪。
参考资料：
1、王仲闻．南唐二主词校订：中华书局，2007：83
捣练子令·深院静鉴赏
“捣练子”既是词牌，又是这首小词的题目。练是一种白丝熟绢，须用木杵在砧石上捶击而成；令指小令，是短歌的意思。作者在这首仅有二十七个字的小令中，着力表现秋夜捣练声给一个因孤独苦闷而彻夜难眠者带来的内心感受，含而不露地传达了一种难言的心理隐秘与情绪气氛。
境界的鲜明如画与意象的深蕴含蓄是这首词在意境创造上的主要特征。作者采取了类似电影推摄的手法，运用远、近景跳切镜头，从全景到近景，逐渐推出抒情主人公的特写。前面两个三字句，“院”与“庭”的遣词实际上并非同义反复，那是两个远、近景跳切镜头的巧妙组合。“深院”是世家豪族的深宅大院，所谓“侯门一入深如海”、“庭院深深深几许”是也。这是着眼于全景。“小庭”则是这整体中的一个单元，即千重万落中的一个独立小院，一个小天井。镜头从全景推近，把读者不知不觉地引入画面，置身于一个具体可感的环境之中。以上还只是画面的形，属于表层特征，还未抓住其中的“神”，即画面所蕴内在的深层特征。两幅画面分别用两个极平凡的字“静”和“空”来点化，应细加体味。借大宅院之“静”，当不仅仅是客观外在的安静、清静，在词语的深层结构中融入了强烈的主观情绪。那是静得让人恐惧，静得让人透不过气，是在心理压抑下而产生的一种深在的静谧感。小庭“空”，更明显不是客观意义的空空荡荡。这样的贵族之家，仆人丫鬟总不会太少，花木池台、金井玉栏大约也是有的，作者偏偏用个“空”字，一笔抹去，就只能说是他的主观感觉在作怪，一切都视而不见了。原来，处在巨大建筑群落中的一个小天井，本身就带有一种压抑感和冷落感，一个寂寥空虚，百无聊赖的人处身于这种氛围，那当然会加倍感到难以忍受的孤独、郁闷和焦虑。
“断续寒砧断续风”，更渲染了这种沉寂、静谧，那木杵捶击石砧的咚咚声被阵阵悲凉的秋风荡来，时轻时重，时断时续，无止无休更加深了主人公的孤寂感。寒砧，即捣练的石板，这里指代寒秋中的砧声。“断续”一词的重复，是有意的安排，不仅体现了作者避巧就拙，崇尚素朴的语言风格，而且逼真地传达出捣练声在秋风中飘忽不定的神韵。更为重要的，这种似往而还，若断若联，飘荡空灵的听觉效果，又与抒情主人公内在情绪的延展变化节奏完全合拍。接着作者进一步把镜头推近，画面上映出抒情主人公的特写：夜深了，秋月如水，随同寒砧声从门窗一起泻入，搅扰得他心神不宁，辗转反侧，无法入睡。“无奈”二字，使读者似乎看见了他那紧皱的眉头和无限焦虑而又无可如何的眼神。这才是词境的核心，画幅的焦点，以上的镜头画面都是这个焦点的烘托和铺垫。几声寒砧就会把主人公折磨得彻夜失眠，是因为它是一个特定的情感符号，包含着特定的情感信息。在古代诗歌中，捣衣或捣练声常常用来表现GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>征人妇对远戍边关的丈夫之思怨。如，南朝刘宋文学家谢惠连有一首著名的《捣衣诗》，保存在《文选》里，写的就是这种征妇怨；北周庾信的《夜听捣衣诗》，主题是“谁怜征戎客，今夜在交河”；初唐诗人沈佺期的《古意呈补阙乔知之》一诗，其中有这样的句子：“九月寒砧催木叶，十月征戍忆辽阳”；李白的《子夜吴歌》“长安一片月，万户捣衣声。秋风吹不尽，总是玉关情”自是任人皆知了。由此可见，寒砧声作为一种情感的形式或象征，逐渐抽象化、符号化，已经凝固到文学传统之中。既是一种情感的符号，就有引发特定心理情绪的心理导向功能，当然就不仅仅限于征妇怨，也可以是一般夫妇、GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情人的思忆之情，甚或是实际并无具体对象而纯属某种心理感觉的类似情绪。而这首小词却具有这样的特点：境界单纯，明晰，确定，而意象却扑朔迷离，模糊朦胧。那么，这里是指GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情人，征夫，故旧，或是故国。作者或许当时确有具体所指，或许本来就是一种莫名的心理情绪和感受，所谓“此情可行成追忆，只是当时已惘然”是也。有些作品，越是意象朦胧，留给读者参与想象、创造的余地就越大，其审美价值也越高。这首小词可以说就是这样一首优美的朦胧诗。对于这一点，清代著名词人纳兰性德已有所发现，他曾说李后主“兼饶烟水迷离之致”（《渌水亭杂识》）。纳兰氏十分准确地指出了李煜词直抒胸臆之外的另一种含蓄风格。
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李煜简介
唐代·李煜的简介
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李煜，五代十国时南唐国君，961年-975年在位，字重光，初名从嘉，号钟隐、莲峰居士。汉族，彭城（今江苏徐州）人。南唐元宗李璟第六子，于宋建隆二年(961年)继位，史称李后主。开宝八年，宋军破南唐都城，李煜降宋，被俘至汴京，封为右千牛卫上将军、违命侯。后因作感怀故国的名词《虞美人》而被宋太宗毒死。李煜虽不通政治，但其艺术才华却非凡。精书法，善绘画，通音律，诗和文均有一定造诣，尤以词的成就最高。千古杰作《虞美人》、《浪淘沙》、《乌夜啼》等词。在政治上失败的李煜，却在词坛上留下了不朽的篇章，被称为“千古词帝”。
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清代：
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王又旦
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不畏穷愁只著书，幽栖风物近何如？断云疏雨吴王岘，竹瓦临江十尺庐。
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辛亥三月薄游台湾主雾峰之莱园献堂三兄属题园中名胜得十二绝句 其三 考槃轩
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清代：
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梁启超
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久分生涯托涧薖，齑盐送老意如何？奇情未合销磨尽，风雨中宵一啸歌。