柳梢青·茅舍疏篱
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宋代]：杨无咎
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茅舍疏篱。半飘残雪，斜卧低枝。可更相宜，烟笼修竹，月在寒溪。
宁宁伫立移时。判瘦损、无妨为伊。谁赋才情，画成幽思，写入新诗。
柳梢青·茅舍疏篱鉴赏
梅花冰肌玉骨，半霜傲雪，经冬凛冰霜之操，早春魁百花之首，以韵胜，以格高，故为历代人们所喜爱。文人学者更是植梅、赏梅看作是陶情励操之举。扬无咎这首词，借咏梅以抒发自己的情操，寄托幽思，刻画了一位生性孤傲、不随波逐流的世外高士的形象。扬无咎，南宋时画家、词人，字补之，号逃禅老人，清夷长者。高宗时，因不愿依附奸臣秦桧，累征不起，隐居而终。尤善画梅。
词作上片通过对梅花生长的环境、外在形象的描绘，着力刻画出梅花超凡脱俗的韵致。“茅舍疏篱”，这是梅花生长之处。历来文人雅士总喜欢把他们眼中的梅花置放在清幽、远离尘世的地方，如“墙角数枝梅，凌寒独自开”（王安石《梅花》），“春来幽谷水潺潺，的滴梅花草棘间”（苏轼《梅花二首》之一），“驿外断桥边，寂寞开无主”（陆游《卜算子？咏梅》），等等。杨无咎在这里同样也开宗明义，把他所喜爱的梅花置放在这样的一个环境之中，无非是借此表明自己的心迹，超凡脱俗，高洁自爱。“半飘残雪，斜卧低枝”两句，是以比拟手法来正面刻画梅花形象。上句写梅花之洁白晶莹，下句刻绘梅树姿态之飘逸，这句是化用林逋的咏梅名句：“疏影横斜水清浅，暗香浮动月黄昏”。末三句笔锋一转，紧承首句，再度刻画梅花周围的环境，从而使得整个画面显得更富清幽、高雅的意境：白云缭绕、修竹萧萧、皓月高悬、溪流潺潺。这个画面比林逋诗句的内涵更大，境界更清幽，更有特色。这些景致和意象是隐士生活不可或缺的，它们都具有隐士的生活和品格高洁的象征作用。由此我们可以看出，词人虽写梅，然而根本之点却不在于梅，这就为下片的抒情作了很好的铺垫。
下片词人笔锋转向刻写自己，一位在梅树前伫足凝思的词人形象跃然纸上。“宁宁伫立移时”，“宁宁”，神情专注貌；“移时”，谓时间经过之久，与历时、经时意同。这句是刻画词人自己在梅花树前驻足观赏、凝思。“判瘦损，无妨为伊”，意谓为了观赏梅花、从梅花那里汲取精神力量，陶冶性情，以致“瘦损”了自己的身体也“无妨”。这里看出词人对梅花的迷恋倾心程度之深。这句的写法，以退为进，与柳永的名句“衣带渐宽终不悔，为伊消得人憔悴”，有异曲同工之妙。最后三句：“谁赋才情，画成幽思，写入新诗”。词人觉得光整日价伫立在梅花前流连观赏还远远不够，最好还能让梅花的飘逸神韵、高洁品性时刻与己相伴，于是他便祈想：谁能赋于我才情，能够把梅树的倩影与神韵描画下来、用词章把她刻画下来，成为永恒的留念？
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晁补之《
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盐角儿·亳社观梅》
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李煜《
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虞美人·春花秋月何时了》
杨无咎简介
唐代·杨无咎的简介
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杨无咎（1097～1171）字补之，杨一作扬，一说名补之，字无咎。自号逃禅老人、清夷长者、紫阳居士。临江清江（今江西樟树）人，寓居洪州南昌。绘画尤擅墨梅。水墨人物画师法李公麟。书学欧阳询，笔势劲利。今存《逃禅词》一卷，词多题画之作，风格婉丽。生平事迹见《宋史翼》卷三六。
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