扬州慢·淮左名都
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宋代]：姜夔
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淳熙丙申至日，予过维扬。夜雪初霁，荠麦弥望。入其城，则四顾萧条，寒水自碧，暮色渐起，戍角悲吟。予怀怆然，感慨今昔，因自度此曲。千岩老人以为有“黍离”之悲也。
淮左名都，竹西佳处，解鞍少驻初程。过春风十里。尽荠麦青青。自胡马窥江去后，废池乔木，犹厌言兵。渐黄昏，清角吹寒。都在空城。
杜郎俊赏，算而今、重到须惊。纵豆蔻词工，青楼梦好，难赋深情。二十四桥仍在，波心荡、冷月无声。念桥边红药，年年知为谁生。
扬州慢·淮左名都译文及注释
译文
淳熙年丙申月冬至这天，我经过扬州。夜雪初晴，放眼望去，全是荠草和麦子。进入扬州，一片萧条，河水碧绿凄冷，天色渐晚，城中响起凄凉的号角。我内心悲凉，感慨于扬州城今昔的变化，于是自创了这支曲子。千岩老人认为这首词有《黍离》的悲凉意蕴。
扬州自古是淮南东路的名城，这里有著名游览胜地竹西亭，初到扬州我解鞍下马作停留。当年那春风十里繁华街道，如今却是荞麦青青孤单可怜。自从金兵侵犯长江流域以后，连荒废的池苑和古老的大树，都厌恶再提起那场可恶的战争。临近黄昏凄清的号角已吹响，回荡在这座凄凉残破的空城。
杜牧曾以优美的诗句把你赞赏，今若重来定会为你残破而惊。纵使有豆蔻芳华的精工词采，纵有歌咏青楼一梦绝妙才能，也难抒写此刻深沉悲怆感情。二十四桥依然完好毫无损伤，桥下波心荡漾一弯冷月寂寞。想那桥边红芍年年花叶繁荣，不知年年有谁欣赏为谁而生？
注释
扬州慢：词牌名，又名《郎州慢》，上下阕，九十八字，平韵。此调为姜夔自度曲，后人多用以抒发怀古之思。
淳熙丙申：淳熙三年（1176）。至日：冬至。
维扬：即扬州（今属江苏）。
荠麦：荠菜和野生的麦。弥望：满眼。
戍角：军营中发出的号角声。
千岩老人：南宋诗人萧德藻，字东夫，自号千岩老人。姜夔曾跟他学诗，又是他的侄女婿。黍离：《诗经·王风》篇名。据说周平王东迁后，周大夫经过西周故都，看见宗庙毁坏，尽为禾黍，彷徨不忍离去，就做了此诗。后以“黍离”表示故国之思。
淮左名都：指扬州。宋朝的行政区设有淮南东路和淮南西路，扬州是淮南东路的首府，故称淮左名都。左，古人方位名，面朝南时，东为左，西为右。名都，著名的都会。
解（xiè）鞍少驻初程：少驻，稍作停留；初程，初段行程。
春风十里：杜牧《赠别》诗：“春风十里扬州路，卷上珠帘总不如。”这里用以借指扬州。
胡马窥江：指金兵侵略长江流域地区，洗劫扬州。这里应指第二次洗劫扬州。
废池乔木：废毁的池台。乔木：残存的古树。二者都是乱后余物，表明城中荒芜，人烟萧条。
渐：向，到。清角：凄清的号角声。
杜郎：即杜牧。唐文宗大和七年到九年，杜牧在扬州任淮南节度使掌书记。俊赏：俊逸清赏。钟嵘《诗品序》：“近彭城刘士章，俊赏才士。”
豆蔻：形容少女美艳。豆蔻词工：杜牧《赠别》：“娉娉袅袅十三余，豆蔻梢头二月初。”
青楼：妓院。青楼梦好：杜牧《遣怀》诗：“十年一觉扬州梦，赢得青楼薄幸名。”
二十四桥：扬州城内古桥，即吴家砖桥，也叫红药桥。
红药：红芍药花，是扬州繁华时期的名花。
参考资料：
1、陆 林．白话解说·宋词．北京：北京师范大学出版社，1992：220-221
扬州慢·淮左名都创作背景
此词作于宋孝宗淳熙三年（1176），时作者二十余岁。宋高宗绍兴三十一年（1161），金主完颜亮南侵，江淮军败，中外震骇。完颜亮不久在瓜州为其臣下所杀。根据此前小序所说，淳熙三年，姜夔因路过扬州，目睹了战争洗劫后扬州的萧条景象，抚今追昔，有感而发。
参考资料：
1、刘文忠 等．唐宋词鉴赏辞典（南宋·辽·金卷）．上海：上海辞书出版社，1988：1748-1749
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吴潜《
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江城子·示表侄刘国华》
姜夔简介
唐代·姜夔的简介
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姜夔，南宋文学家、音乐家。人品秀拔，体态清莹，气貌若不胜衣，望之若神仙中人。往来鄂、赣、皖、苏、浙间，与诗人词家杨万里、范成大、辛弃疾等交游。庆元中，曾上书乞正太常雅乐，他少年孤贫，屡试不第，终生未仕，一生转徙江湖，靠卖字和朋友接济为生。他多才多艺，精通音律，能自度曲，其词格律严密。其作品素以空灵含蓄著称，有《白石道人歌曲》等。姜夔对诗词、散文、书法、音乐，无不精善，是继苏轼之后又一难得的艺术全才。
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真文玄奘熟，梵字苑咸工。大类群龙藏，收来一钵中。
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蔎林劝予移居于杭雪舫檗斋二使君亦云然而瓯亭和之独堇浦有以知予之难于迁也
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唐代：
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全祖望
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此间良足乐，思蜀还瞿然。既恋善和书，亦念原氏阡。
以兹几踌踷，孤负卜居萹。我家旧吟社，近在孤山前。