生查子·春山烟欲收
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唐代]：牛希济
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春山烟欲收，天澹星稀小。残月脸边明，别泪临清晓。
语已多，情未了，回首犹重道：记得绿罗裙，处处怜芳草。
生查子·春山烟欲收译文及注释
译文
春山上的烟雾即将散去，淡色的天空上，星星稀疏且小。将落的月儿照在我们脸上，流着离别的泪水，天已经接近黎明。
话已经说了很多，情意却没有尽头。回过头来仍说道：记得绿罗裙，无论走到何处都要怜惜芳草。
注释
生查子：词调名，原为唐教坊曲名。这首词写一对情侣拂晓惜别的依依之情，是五代词中写离情的名篇，结尾尤为人称道。
烟欲收：山上的雾气正开始收敛。
重(chang)道：再次说。
生查子·春山烟欲收创作背景
表现男欢女爱、离愁别绪是唐五代词中最常见的题材。爱情是人生中的春天，春天是爱情的伴侣。但是，唐五代词在表现爱情这类题材时，多是写得浮靡被艳，辞彩华丽。词人就是在这种文化背景下写下了这首词。
参考资料：
1、霍松林主编 ．古代言情赠友诗词鉴赏大观：陕西人民出版社，1994：423
生查子·春山烟欲收鉴赏
这首词的题旨，就是“春草碧色，春水渌波，送君南浦，伤如之可”（江淹《别赋》）之意，写GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情人伤别。不过，分手地点不在江滨，似在芳草连天的古道上。上片写别景，下片写别情，结句尤佳。
分别的序幕在破晓的景色中揭开：远处连绵起伏的春山上，白茫茫的雾气开始收退，依稀现出黑黝黝的如画剪影；东方渐明，露出鱼肚白色，寥落的几颗晨星也慢慢黯淡下去。天很快就要大亮，一个美好的春日即将开始，然而无情的离别时刻也逼近了。词以“欲收”、“淡”、“稀小”等含有动态的语词，写出天色由朦胧逐渐明朗的过程，暗示恋人抬望天色而渐渐收紧的心情。“春山”二句，在勾勒晨景中，挑明了季节、时间、环境、恋人早起等内容，为伤别垫下了丰富的内涵和广阔的想象空间。接下，文笔从天色落到人物身上：清晓的晨光下，女主人公脸上一串串伤别的泪珠不断地流落，西斜的残月，照亮她的脸庞，映出一道道晶莹的泪痕，分外凄楚动人。一个脸部特写，以天边弯弯的残月衬托女子鹅月形的脸庞，将人物也摄进了春晓画面。真是写景胜手。“别泪”二字，点醒题旨，与上片其他内容相结合，隐含他们从夜里室内话别对泣，直到天明路边难舍难分的内容。故俞陛云先生认为：“上首（片）言清晓欲别，次第写来，与《片玉词》之‘泪花落枕红棉冷’词格相似。”（《唐五代两宋词选释》）
下片由景入情。执手歧路，细细叮咛。别泪拭不干，别语嘱不尽，有GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情人送别，情深意长。“语已多，情未了。”纵说了千言万语，也难尽几多情意。花前月下的欢快日子已成陈迹，此后是闺房孤灯、梧桐细雨，梦里相思，“纵有千种风情，更与何人说”。“情未了”，情难了。过片“将人人共有之情，和盘托出，是为善于言情。”（《栩庄漫记》）白描如口语，却高度概括，简约凝炼。时间消逝得那么快，分手的时刻终于来临。征马长嘶、催上行程，泪眼朦胧，牵袂依依。女子狠着心肠转身欲别，突然，“回首犹重道：记得绿罗裙，处处怜芳草。”这里，词人借助芳草与罗裙同色的联想，生动地表现了女子临别时的复杂心理和眷恋情绪。女子看见萋萋遮满古道伸向远方的芳草，想到行人将离开自己而跋涉天涯，又想到自己将苦苦地思念他，又转想到他对自己的思念，猝而又担心他会不会忘了自己。芳草与自己身上的绿罗裙颜色相同，女子由这一联想生发开去：天涯处处有芳草，她希望行人睹芳草而记得绿罗裙（自己），行遍天涯，爱情永远不变。“怜芳草”即恋女子也。南朝江总妻《赋庭草》云：“雨过草芊芊，连云锁南陌。门前君试看，是妾罗裙色。”咏裙、草同色。杜甫诗云：“名花留宝靥，蔓草见罗裙”，说睹景思人。这两句词化用前人诗句而翻进一层，把许多层的心情意思揉合进去，显得更为出色。从女子回身再追补的这句话中，读者可窥到女子内心深层的秘密。女子祈愿的是两情久长，远游他乡的男子永不变心。意不明说，又非说不可，于是含蓄而婉转地指草指裙郑重叮咛了这么一句痴语。女子的情深如海，韧如蒲草，自在言外不喻之中。结尾二句，通过联想，将自然景色与心中感情巧妙地结合起来，寄兴幽远，形象鲜明。这种联想，在古诗词中常见，如：见桃花而思人面，见春山而思眉黛，见彩云而思佳人，其好处在于能巧妙而形象地刻划出人物丰富而细腻的内心世界。
牛希济在五代词人中以“才思敏妙”（《十国春秋》）、“词笔清俊”、“尤善白描”（栩庄语）著称。此词含蓄而深远，耐人咀嚼。
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刘著《
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鹧鸪天·雪照山城玉指寒》
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王沂孙《
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高阳台·和周草窗寄越中诸友韵》
牛希济简介
唐代·牛希济的简介
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五代词人。生卒年不详。陇西（今甘肃）人。词人牛峤之侄。早年即有文名，遇丧乱，流寓于蜀，依峤而居。后为前蜀主王建所赏识，任起居郎。前蜀后主王衍时，累官翰林学士、御史中丞。后唐庄宗同光三年(925)，随前蜀主降于后唐，明宗时拜雍州节度副使。
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高僧居物外，有户昼常扃。
海阔知天大，泉甘识地灵。