桂殿秋·思往事
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清代]：朱彝尊
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思往事，渡江干，青蛾低映越山看。共眠一舸听秋雨，小簟轻衾各自寒。
桂殿秋·思往事译文及注释
译文
回忆往事江边上，江水中映着美人的倩影和秀丽的远山。我俩同船共听滴滴答答的雨声，各自孤宿，竹席衾被单薄，默默地忍受着严寒。
注释
桂殿秋：词牌名，即《捣练子》，取自唐李德裕送神迎神曲的“桂殿夜凉吹玉笙”句。单调二十七字，五句三平韵。另有双调三十八字，前后段各五句，三平韵的变体。
干，即岸，江边。
“青蛾”句：女子的眉黛有似倒映在水中的山密。青蛾：形容女子眉黛。越山：嘉兴地处吴越之交，故云。
舸（gě）：船。
簟（diàn）：竹席。
衾（qīn）：被子，轻衾即薄被。
参考资料：
1、张进德，王利锁主编；李伟昉总主编．中国古代文学作品选 下．开封：河南大学出版社，2014.08：370
桂殿秋·思往事创作背景
这首词忆念的是作者于顺治六年（1649年）随岳父从练浦迁居王店途中初相恋的往事。朱彝尊十七岁人赘到冯家，其妻妹冯寿常只有十岁。九年后冯氏出嫁，到了二十四岁她又回到娘家来住，在这时她才真的和朱彝尊有了爱情事件。但她在三十三岁就死去了。
参考资料：
1、贺新辉主编．清词鉴赏辞典 图文修订版：北京燕山出版社，2006.09：309
桂殿秋·思往事鉴赏
这首《桂殿秋》，五句，二韵，二十七个字，纯属短制。在如此短短的尺幅中，织进了词人缠绵悱恻的情思，而且描画出意中人的眉眼。这大约就是该作赢彩的缘故。“思往事，渡江干，青蛾低映越山看。”词人以轻灵的笔触描绘了载着他和她的小船，随着回忆的水流，沿江驰向了秋风秋雨的越山的场景。开头一个“思”字，带起“往事”，进而提掣着全词，把全词的内容界域在回忆的范围里；再一个“渡”字，表明词人此行的去向和乘载一乘着船儿沿江而前，至于去往何处，不得而知。词旨并非记游，而是透露一种朦胧的爱情。“青蛾低映越山看”，词人描画意中人的形态，并没有着笔她的眼睛，“青蛾”下面的明眸显得朦胧，从而给人留下想像的余地。一个“低映”，再一个“看”，活画出少女遥望雨色迷蒙的越山的情态。这少女许是有满腹心事。透过少女朦胧望山的身姿，似乎可以看到在她不远处正在凝视着她的词人的形象。
“共眠一舸听秋雨，小簟轻衾各自寒”，“共眠”，极险，险些使词趣跌入邪秽的渊薮。“听秋雨”，极写词人与意中人虽同舸共眠却心愿难遂的凄苦心态与情状。既然是“秋雨”，那么这辰光最多是“已凉天气未寒时”的深秋，但词人却硬说是“寒”，是因为“各自”“小簟轻衾”。小簟，意中人所卧，隐写意中人娇小温柔；轻衾，词人所用，隐写不耐秋凉。或日二人皆“小簟轻衾”也未尝不可；但共眠分卧确是不容置疑的。否则，“各自寒”便好无来由了。“各自寒”，分明使自然气温下降了许多，其原因当然是“天气不寒人心寒”了。这一韵曲折往复，蕴藉委婉，不言相思愁苦，而极言相思愁苦。
附带提一笔，词人与意中人只是心会神交，并没有结合。尽管好花旁落，词人却旧情不忘，所以有《桂殿秋》。如此痴爱之写，却又不见字面直露，全在一“看”、一“听”、一“寒”中传出；而全部复杂难言之心绪也仅凭一“共”、一“各”字之对相观照间抽引，诚是不凡之圣手。
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蒋春霖《
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卜算子·燕子不曾来》
朱彝尊简介
唐代·朱彝尊的简介
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朱彝尊(1629～1709)，清代诗人、词人、学者、藏书家。字锡鬯，号竹垞，又号驱芳，晚号小长芦钓鱼师，又号金风亭长。汉族，秀水（今浙江嘉兴市）人。康熙十八年（1679）举博学鸿词科，除检讨。二十二年（1683）入直南书房。曾参加纂修《明史》。博通经史，诗与王士祯称南北两大宗。作词风格清丽，为浙西词派的创始者，与陈维崧并称朱陈。精于金石文史，购藏古籍图书不遗余力，为清初著名藏书家之一。
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