湘妃怨·夜来雨横与风狂
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宋代]：阿鲁威
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晓来蜂蝶空游荡。
苦难寻红锦妆，问东君归计何忙！
漫劳动送客垂杨。
湘妃怨·夜来雨横与风狂译文及注释
译文
夜来肆虐着暴雨狂风，把西园的芳菲一扫而空。
到早晨蜜蜂蝴蝶飞来飞去，无所适从。
只恨找不到往日盛饰的花容，春神啊，你为何要归去匆匆！
你一味让杜鹃啼破了喉咙，却教人徒然心痛。
那垂杨无端牵进了送行之中，一回回不得闲空。
注释
东君：司春之神。
断肠：指悲痛到极点。蔡琰《胡笳十八拍》：“空断肠兮思愔愔。”
湘妃怨·夜来雨横与风狂鉴赏
这首曲写的是暮春的怨艾，以景述情。风雨落花，残蜂剩蝶，鹃声绿杨，都是古代诗词伤春的习见景象。该曲兼收并蓄，却使人既不觉陈腐，又不嫌堆砌，这主要是因为作品风神清婉动人的缘故。作者先撷取了“夜来”与“晓来”的两个镜头。一夜之中，风雨大作，一个“横”字，一个“狂”字，令人想起“雨横风狂三月暮，门掩黄昏，无计留春住”（冯延巳《鹃踏枝》）的名句。风雨肆虐的结果，是西园花落满地，且此“满地香”也遭到“断送”，狼藉残败之情况可想而知。作者并不详述园中花卉遭劫的具体景象，而转向了“晓来”，风雨止息，蜂蝶来到旧地，却再不见昨日的繁华，“空游荡”，生动地表现出它们茫然不知所措的情态。蜂蝶无知，“游荡”也漫无目的，但入园寻春的作者却是有意识地寻觅那“红锦妆”的芳菲旧影，结果当然是大失所望，且意识到春天已到尽头，只能怅然嗟叹春神的迅速离去了。“问东君归计何忙”，有怅恨，有感叹，有流连，有无奈，这同李煜《乌夜啼》的“林花谢了春红，太匆匆！”一样，是一声撕心裂肺的呐喊。这还不算，“东君”还留下了两件惹恨牵愁的礼物，一是“鹃声”，其鸣声同“不如归去”相近，一是“垂杨”，自古便是送别的象征。鹃声不遗余力，垂杨迎风自舞，可以想见，作者既有身处异乡不得遄归的苦衷，又有送客登程情肠百结的经历，这就将伤春之意写满写足了。
诗人在铺排暮春景物时，无不附以富于强烈主观感情色彩的词语，如“断送”、“空游荡”、“苦难寻”、“尽叫得”、“漫劳动”等，使景物成为人物心理的外化。对于种种伤愁的意象，点到即止，反映出一种惨不忍睹、不堪回首的凄情。末三句将阑珊的春事暗度入愁离伤别的人事，尤为细腻，悱恻动人，堪称是散曲婉约风格的上乘之作。
《湘妃怨》即《水仙子》。作者采用曲牌的这一别名，恐怕也同全曲“怨”的伤感主旨有关。这一曲牌的第三、四两句，可连可分。此处第四句“苦难寻红锦妆”不从上而从下，主语不定为蜂蝶而定于作者。这样断意的根据，正是基于全曲婉转流怨的情调。
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欧阳炯《
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南乡子·画舸停桡》
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段克己《
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渔家傲·诗句一春浑漫与》
阿鲁威简介
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阿鲁威（生卒年不详），蒙古族人。字叔重，号东泉。曾任南剑太守、经筵官、参知政事。能诗，尤善长作散曲，今有几十支散曲传世，散见于《阳春白雪》、《乐府群珠》等书。
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