乌夜啼
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唐代]：李白
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黄云城边乌欲栖，归飞哑哑枝上啼。
机中织锦秦川女，碧纱如烟隔窗语。
停梭怅然忆远人，独宿孤房泪如雨。
乌夜啼译文及注释
译文
黄云城边的乌鸦将要归巢了，归飞回来时候在树枝上哑哑地啼叫。
在织机中织布的秦川女子，在隔着碧绿如烟的纱窗内视窗外的归鸟双双。她好像是在与人说着什么，其实她是在自言自语。
太寂寞了啊，想着远方的亲人、她的织梭就不由得停了下来。独宿空房的滋味，真是太令人难以忍受了，珠泪点点滚下了她的香腮。
注释
乌夜啼：乐府旧题，《乐府诗集》卷四十七列于《清商曲辞·西曲歌》，并引《古今乐录》云：“西曲歌有《鸟夜啼》。”古辞多写男女离别相思之苦。
黄云城边：一作黄云城南。乌欲栖：梁简文帝《乌栖曲》：“倡家高树乌欲栖。”乌欲栖，敦煌残卷本作“乌夜栖”。
哑哑：乌啼声。吴均《行路难五首》：“唯闻哑哑城上乌。”
机中织锦：一作“闺中织妇”。秦川女：指晋朝苏蕙。《晋书·列女传》载，窦滔妻苏氏，始平人，名蕙，字若兰，善属文。窦滔原本是秦川刺史，后被苻坚徙流沙。苏蕙把思念织成回文璇玑图，题诗二百余，计八百余言，纵横反复皆成章句。
碧纱如烟：指窗上的碧纱像烟一样朦胧。
梭：织布用的织梭。其状如船，两头有尖。怅然：忧然若失的样子。远人：指远在外边的丈夫。怅然：一作怅望。
“停梭”二句：一作“停梭向人问故夫，知在关西泪如雨”。独宿孤房：一作“欲说辽西”。孤：一作“空”。
参考资料：
1、彭定求 等．全唐诗（上）．上海：上海古籍出版社，1986：383
2、詹福瑞 等．李白诗全译．石家庄：河北人民出版社，1997：65-67
乌夜啼创作背景
传说李白在天宝（唐玄宗年号，742—756）初年到长安，贺知章读了他的《乌栖曲》和《乌夜啼》等诗后，大为叹赏，说他是“天上谪仙人也”，于是在唐玄宗面前推荐了他。可见此诗当作于唐玄宗天宝初年之前。
参考资料：
1、徐永年 等．唐诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1983：220-221
乌夜啼鉴赏
“黄云城边乌欲栖，归飞哑哑枝上啼”，起首两句绘出一幅秋林晚鸦图，夕曛暗淡，返照城闉，成群的乌鸦从天际飞回，盘旋着，哑哑地啼叫。“乌欲栖”，正是将栖未栖，叫声最喧嚣、最烦乱之时，无所忧愁的人听了，也会感物应心，不免惆怅，更何况是心绪愁烦的离人思妇呢？在这黄昏时候，乌鸦尚知要回巢，而远在天涯的征夫，到什么时候才能归来呵？起首两句，描绘了环境，渲染了气氛，在有声有色的自然景物中蕴含着的愁绪牵引了读者。
“机中织锦秦川女，碧纱如烟隔窗语”，这织锦的秦川女，固可指为苻秦时窦滔妻苏蕙，更可看作唐时关中一带征夫远戍的思妇。诗人对秦川女的容貌服饰，不作任何具体的描写，只让人站在她的闺房之外，在暮色迷茫中，透过烟雾般的碧纱窗，依稀看到她伶俜的身影，听到她低微的语音。这样的艺术处理，确是匠心独运。因为在此诗中要让读者具体感受的，并不是这女子的外貌，而是她的内心，她的思想感情。
“停梭怅然忆远人，独宿空房泪如雨！”这个深锁闺中的女子，她的一颗心牢牢地系在远方的丈夫身上，“我心匪石，不可转也”，“我心匪席，不可卷也”，悲愁郁结，无从排解。追忆昔日的恩爱，感念此时的孤独，种种的思绪涌上心来，不禁泪如雨下。这如雨的泪也沉重地滴到诗人的心上，促使读者去想一想造成她不幸的原因。到这里，诗人也就达到他预期的艺术效果了。
五、六两句，有几种异文。如敦煌唐写本作“停梭问人忆故夫，独宿空床泪如雨”。《才调集》卷六注：“一作‘停梭向人问故夫，知在流沙泪如雨’”等，可能都出于李白的原稿，几种异文与通行本相比，有两点不同：一是“隔窗语”不是自言自语，而是与窗外人对话；二是征夫的去向，明确在边地的流沙。仔细吟味，通行本优于各种异文，没有“窗外人”更显秦川女的孤独寂寞；远人去向不具写，更增相忆的悲苦。可见在此诗的修改上，李白是经过推敲的。沈德潜评这首诗说：“蕴含深远，不须语言之烦。”短短六句诗，起手写情，布景出人，景里含情；中间两句，人物有确定的环境、身分和身世，而且绘影绘声，如见其人；最后点明主题，却又包含着许多意内而言外之音。诗人不仅不替她和盘托出，作长篇的哭诉，而且还为了增强诗的概括力量，放弃了看似具体实是平庸的有局限性的写法，从上述几种异文的对比中，便可明白这点。
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李贺《
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休洗红》
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欧阳炯《
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贺明朝·忆昔花间相见后》
李白简介
唐代·李白的简介
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李白（701年－762年），字太白，号青莲居士，唐朝浪漫主义诗人，被后人誉为“诗仙”。祖籍陇西成纪(待考)，出生于西域碎叶城，4岁再随父迁至剑南道绵州。李白存世诗文千余篇，有《李太白集》传世。762年病逝，享年61岁。其墓在今安徽当涂，四川江油、湖北安陆有纪念馆。
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