石榴
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唐代]：李商隐
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榴枝婀娜榴实繁，榴膜轻明榴子鲜。
可羡瑶池碧桃树，碧桃红颊一千年。
石榴译文及注释
译文
碧绿的石榴树婀娜迎风，鲜红的石榴像挂满灯笼。里面有一层透明的薄膜，白玉般的石榴子鲜美齐整。
瑶池的碧桃树有什么值得羡慕，哪比得上石榴树扎根民众。碧桃虽美结果要经千年，石榴每年都能带来农家小院的笑声。
注释
石榴：一种落叶乔木或灌木，是从西域引进中原的，
“榴膜”句：石榴夏季开花，尊革质，宿存，后成果实的外皮。浆果近球形，秋季成熟内部由薄膜状心皮壁隔离为数室。外种皮肉质半透明，多汁故称“榴子鲜”。
“瑶池”句：《汉武内传》载：西王母命侍女索桃，须臾，以玉盘盛仙桃七颗，以五颗与武帝，帝辄收其核，欲种之。西王母曰:“此桃三干年一实，中夏地薄，种之不生。”瑶池碧桃指此。可羡：何羡，岂羡。
碧树：传说中长于仙山的异树。
参考资料：
1、（清）梁修撰；梁中民，廖国楣笺注. 花埭百花诗笺注[M]. 广州：广东高等教育出版社, 1989.04.第37页 .
2、熊四智主编. 中国饮食诗文大典[M]. 青岛：青岛出版社, 1995.01.第214页
3、宋金鼎著. 李商隐诗今译[M]. 郑州：海燕出版社, 2012.08.第132页
石榴创作背景
唐朝时，女皇武则天特别喜爱石榴，于是其栽培随进入繁荣发展的时期，一度出现长安“榴花遍近郊”的盛况。当年杨贵妃在华清宫时，以观赏石榴花的艳态美容，因此有了“贵妃花石榴”的美名。所以，石榴在李商隐生活的唐代是美丽女子与纯洁爱情的象征。《石榴》此诗亦是李商隐为爱情而写。
参考资料：
1、王兴波著. 遇见最美的唐诗[M]. 北京：北京联合出版公司, 2013.04.第208页
2、王红军.李商隐诗复叠辞格之美[J].辽东学院学报(社会科学版),2016,(第4期).
石榴鉴赏
石榴是美丽女子与纯洁爱情的象征，诗人盛赞了婀娜的榴枝、繁富的榴实、轻盈的榴膜、鲜丽的榴子，表现了自己的爱慕之情，然而尽管石榴比碧桃还要美丽娇艳，却也无法红颜“一千年”。《石榴》既是生命的挽歌也是爱情的悼亡诗。“榴”字凡四叠，分别写其枝、实、膜、子，突出了石榴的美艳，读来春风扑面，不独上下句复辞，联内亦复辞。“碧桃”联袂而出，深叹人间红颜易逝，唯有深藏于心底的真诚与美好的情感才真的可以“碧桃红颊一千年”。
在艺术特色上，此诗运用了复词重言的手法，从而使节奏回环，词脉婉曲。李商隐写过许多这样的诗。有同步往复的，如“一弦一柱思华年”，“此花此叶长相映”。有同句双步往复的，如“一夕南风一叶危”，“半留相送半迎归”。这种同句不同音步的重叠往复，又可以组成对仗的一联，如“昨夜星辰昨夜风，画堂西畔桂堂东”；“纵使有花兼有月，可堪无酒又无人”还有同联内前后一次单复的，“只知解道春来瘦，不道春来独自多”；“刘郎已恨蓬山远，更隔蓬山一万重”。还有同联前后蝉联的，如“巴江可惜柳，柳色绿侵江”；“春日在天涯，天涯日又斜”。也有同一联前后句首尾衔顾，使回环增大，涵盖全联的，如“春风为开了，却拟笑春风”；“回肠九回后，犹有剩回肠”。惟独这《石榴》一首诗内多次连环回复，大小回环相套，读来意韵连绵，回味无穷，绕梁三日，挥之不去。
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和凝《
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江城子·竹里风生月上门》
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杜牧《
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张好好诗》
李商隐简介
唐代·李商隐的简介
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李商隐，字义山，号玉溪（谿）生、樊南生，唐代著名诗人，祖籍河内（今河南省焦作市）沁阳，出生于郑州荥阳。他擅长诗歌写作，骈文文学价值也很高，是晚唐最出色的诗人之一，和杜牧合称“小李杜”，与温庭筠合称为“温李”，因诗文与同时期的段成式、温庭筠风格相近，且三人都在家族里排行第十六，故并称为“三十六体”。其诗构思新奇，风格秾丽，尤其是一些爱情诗和无题诗写得缠绵悱恻，优美动人，广为传诵。但部分诗歌过于隐晦迷离，难于索解，至有“诗家总爱西昆好，独恨无人作郑笺”之说。因处于牛李党争的夹缝之中，一生很不得志。死后葬于家乡沁阳（今河南焦作市沁阳与博爱县交界之处）。作品收录为《李义山诗集》。
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