长门怨三首
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唐代]：刘皂
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雨滴长门秋夜长，愁心和雨到昭阳。
泪痕不学君恩断，拭却千行更万行。
宫殿沈沈月欲分，昭阳更漏不堪闻。
珊瑚枕上千行泪，不是思君是恨君。
蝉鬓慵梳倚帐门，蛾眉不扫惯承恩。
旁人未必知心事，一面残妆空泪痕。
长门怨三首鉴赏
《长门怨》这首乐府旧曲，从它的起因和来历看，就是专门描写和抒发宫怨的作品。刘皂此作也不例外。封建帝王一个人霸占了无数妇女，所谓“后宫佳丽三千人”。大部分人都因为青春虚掷、幸福无望而极端痛苦。出于对这些妇女的同情，出于对不合理的妃嫔制度的不满，宫怨——或者直揭惨状，或者代妇女舒怨洩愤，便成为古代诗人作家常常表现的主题之一。
当然，同是宫怨，诗人所揭示的问题却有多种，表现角度也颇多样，具体方法更是变化无穷。刘皂的《长门怨》共三首，这里选的是第三首。这三首的基本手法都是前二句写失宠官人的形状，后二句写失宠GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>宫人的心情，而重点则在后二句。例如，其一云：“泪痕不学君恩断，拭却千行更万行”。将已断的君恩与不断的泪行作一鲜明对比。其二云：“珊瑚枕上千行泪，不是思君是恨君”，感情表达得强烈而明快。这一首作者稍稍弄了点狡狯，前二句写GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>宫人慵懒之态：蝉鬓慵梳，蛾眉不扫，故意制造了一种轻松随便的气氛和“惯承恩”的假象。后两句乃揭出GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>宫人的内心痛苦。她的心事人们未必知道，实际上她是每日以泪洗面，这才使她成了“一面残妆”啊！由于采用欲抑先扬的手法，取得了更佳的艺术效果。
宫怨诗暴露了封建制度的残忍不合理，这是其价值所在。但这类诗总是把基点放在GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>宫人失宠，望宠以及与得宠者的矛盾上，而往往并不从根本上触动妃嫔制度。这又是其明显的局限性所在。
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晏几道《
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蝶恋花·初捻霜纨生怅望》
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李白《
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陌上赠美人》
刘皂简介
唐代·刘皂的简介
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刘皂：咸阳（今陕西咸阳市）人，贞元间(785—805)在世，身世无可考。《全唐诗》录存其诗五首。
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