菩萨蛮·湿云不动溪桥冷
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宋代]：苏轼
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湿云不动溪桥冷。嫩寒初透东风影。桥下水声长。一枝和月香。
人怜花似旧。花比人应瘦。莫凭小栏干。夜深花正寒。
菩萨蛮·湿云不动溪桥冷译文及注释
译文
潮湿的云彩凝滞不动，溪桥清冷，轻寒刚刚穿透东风的身影。桥下水发出长长的声响，河畔的梅枝正揉和着月光发出香气。
人爱花好似见了旧友，花与人比较起来该是俊秀清瘦。独自一人寂寞靠着那小小的栏杆，殊不知夜深正熬受着寒冷哩！
注释
菩萨蛮：本唐教坊曲，后用为词牌名，也用作曲牌。亦作《菩萨鬘》。
湿云：天空中凝聚的浓云。
嫩寒：轻寒；微寒。
莫：同寞，寂寞。
菩萨蛮·湿云不动溪桥冷创作背景
此词约作于宋神宗元丰七年（1084年）冬至。是时，东坡从泗洲（今河南省南阳市唐河县），过楚州（今江苏省境），登蔡景繁西阁，与王元龙晤，和楚守田待问，赋此词以嗔赠侍女。
参考资料：
1、朱靖华，饶学刚，王文龙编著,苏轼词新释辑评 （下册）,中国书店,2007年,第1316-1318页
菩萨蛮·湿云不动溪桥冷鉴赏
上片写桥下月夜船上所观美景。开头两句，以仰视描绘之笔，烘托词人此时此地的一种压抑心境。“湿云不动”是指空间湿气呈现饱和状态，人感到胸闷，暗示着词人的抑郁心情。而“溪桥”又是清凉的，昭示着冷天的到来。“嫩寒”刚刚穿透东风留下身影。一个“透”字，突出了词人生活处境的严峻。词人把“湿云”、“溪桥”、“嫩寒”、“东风”全都人格化了。第三、四句以俯视描绘之笔，烘托词人此时此地由压抑到恬淡的心境：“桥下水声长”，写听觉；“一枝和月香”，写嗅觉。由听觉挪移到嗅觉，其间采用了跳跃和剪辑的手法，把它们连接起来的便是河畔上、高楼旁的一棵梅花树。“和”字一出，全盘皆活了。月，本是不香的，只因花一枝揉和叠印在月儿上，花香、月香也就分不清了，给人一种宁静恬淡的感觉。上面八种景物，构成四幅画面，声、形、色、味俱全，宛如过电影一般。
下片写河畔高楼与河下船里的情思。第一、二句用互比的手法，正面描写船人想象中的佳人形象：“人怜花似旧，花比人应瘦。”是“人怜花”还是花怜人，是“花比人”还是人比花，全在词人的情感中：“旧”与“瘦”。这与“莫道不消魂，帘卷西风，人比黄花瘦”，有异曲同工之妙。最后两句侧面描写佳人的相思，实际也是东坡自己的情思：“莫凭小栏杆，夜深花正寒。”词人运用李后主《浪淘沙·帘外雨潺潺》中的“独自莫凭栏”和“罗衾不耐五更寒”词句，不露痕迹，有点石成金之妙。
全词运用正面描写与侧面描写、比喻与通感的笔调，生动描绘了泗水上的冬夜月景，烘托了两种相思，一样情怀。只说“人怜花似旧”，不说花怜人全新；只说“夜深花正寒”，不说夜深人正寒。这种隐喻之笔，是词人描写佳人惯用的手法，值得借鉴。
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苏轼简介
唐代·苏轼的简介
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苏轼（1037－1101），北宋文学家、书画家、美食家。字子瞻，号东坡居士。汉族，四川人，葬于颍昌（今河南省平顶山市郏县）。一生仕途坎坷，学识渊博，天资极高，诗文书画皆精。其文汪洋恣肆，明白畅达，与欧阳修并称欧苏，为“唐宋八大家”之一；诗清新豪健，善用夸张、比喻，艺术表现独具风格，与黄庭坚并称苏黄；词开豪放一派，对后世有巨大影响，与辛弃疾并称苏辛；书法擅长行书、楷书，能自创新意，用笔丰腴跌宕，有天真烂漫之趣，与黄庭坚、米芾、蔡襄并称宋四家；画学文同，论画主张神似，提倡“士人画”。著有《苏东坡全集》和《东坡乐府》等。
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