江神子·十日荷塘小隐赏桂呈朔翁
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宋代]：吴文英
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西风来晚桂开迟。月宫移。到东篱。簌簌惊尘，吹下半冰规。拟唤阿娇来小隐，金屋底，乱香飞。
重阳还是隔年期。蝶相思。客情知。吴水吴烟，愁里更多诗。一夜看承应未别，秋好处，雁来时。
江神子·十日荷塘小隐赏桂呈朔翁译文及注释
译文
这一年西风来晚，桂花开得迟。一阵风吹来，花粉簌簌飘飞，半个月亮差点被处下来。这个时候，想唤来红颜知己，再加上那脂粉香气，岂不满轩子乱香飘飞了，那意境多美呀。
想再过重阳，就又是明年了。蝴蝶翩然飞舞，当知我客居此地的情怀。“吴水吴烟，愁里更多诗。”那吴地烟水，常常勾引起我的愁绪和诗情。这一夜，我似乎和故人都没有分别。你看，秋天的好处，是大雁飞来了，它应该给我带来了远方的消息吧。
注释
词牌名，即“江城子”，又名“村意远”“水晶帘”。原为唐词单调，始见于《花间集》。
十日：重九次日。
荷塘小隐：为毛荷塘家宅名。吴文英词友。
东篱：代指种菊处。
半冰规：半圆月。
阿娇：汉武帝后陈阿娇。此代指女子。
看承：看待，特别看待。
参考资料：
1、冯刚明编著．宋词：大众文艺出版社，2009.05：第221页
2、马海英著．江南园林的诗歌意境：苏州大学出版社，2013.09：第70页
江神子·十日荷塘小隐赏桂呈朔翁创作背景
此为赏桂词。写于阴历九月十日，在毛荷塘隐居之处。根据吴按，刘震孙生于庆元三年（1197），年长于梦窗。又据周密《癸辛杂识别集》卷上“刘朔斋再娶”条：刘震孙戊辰、己巳之间卒于吴中。因而这首词很可能作于咸淳四、五年（1268—1269）之间。
参考资料：
1、吴熊和主编．唐宋词汇评 两宋卷 第4册：浙江教育出版社，2004.12：第3413页
江神子·十日荷塘小隐赏桂呈朔翁鉴赏
上片，发端“西风来晚桂开迟”一句，扣题“赏桂”。言重阳过后词人去赏桂，此时西风姗姗来迟，桂花正在盛开。“桂开迟”是对中秋节而言的，一般桂花盛开时多在中秋之日，因“西风来晚”，天气未寒，故桂花推迟了开花时间。“月宫移”二韵，讲月下赏桂。词人追随月光的移动，漫步在植菊的东篱下欣赏桂花的盛景。“东篱”二字，既写出词人赏桂时的悠然心境，又暗示了桂花与菊花一样均富有高洁的品质。李清照《鹧鸪天》：“何须浅碧深红色，泊是花中第一流。梅定妒，菊应羞，画栏开处冠中秋。”“簌簌惊尘”一韵，化用月中有桂树，高五百丈，吴刚伐桂不止的传说。宋之问《灵隐寺》诗：“桂子月中落，天香云外飘。”白居易《庐山桂》：“偃蹇月中桂，结根依青天。天风绕月起，吹子下人间。”词中言从半轮的明月中，飘下桂花，簌簌作响，这里勾出一幅云外飘香，月轮飞花的优美境界，其形象不仅有视觉、嗅觉，还有听觉。“簌簌”一词，是视觉、听觉兼而有之。“吹下半冰规”是“半冰规吹下”的倒文，“冰”不仅点明是秋月，而且将月之皎洁勾出，有一种玉洁冰清的意境。“拟唤阿娇来小隐”一韵，承上，因这境界太优美了，于是词人又产生了一个优美的想像：想请像阿娇那样的美女到此处小隐，那么会引来更多的桂花飞飚，天外飘香。“阿娇”“金屋”化用汉武帝幼时对其姑母说：若得阿娇，当以金屋贮之的典故。这里将桂花与阿娇并提，将美的人与美的花互相衬托、比拟，起了很好的映衬作用，更突出了“赏桂”之情。“小隐”，化用王康琚《反招魂》“小隐隐山林，大隐隐朝市”的语典，写荷塘隐居之处。梦窗在《大酶》中曾描绘荷塘隐居处：有青山隐隐、碧水如镜，桃红柳绿，渔樵为伴，极为清幽美好。
下片，过拍“重阳还是隔年期”一句，扣题中的“十日”，言重阳节已过，再逢重阳只有又过一年为期。“还是”一词，表达了久等重阳的遗憾。“蝶相思。客情知”二韵，以蝴蝶相思的拟人手法，表达了词人与友人的相遇相知，盼望再次聚首赏桂之情。词人与荷塘的相识相知之情，在梦窗《醉桃源》中写道：“飞醉笔，驻吟车”（醉时飞笔行文，驻时行吟车畔）是十分惬意的事。“吴水，吴烟，愁里更多诗。”言在荷塘小隐的山林告别时，那烟水凄迷之处引发出愁情，而这愁情又酿出更多的诗意。此韵颇多画境与情趣，勾出词人多愁善感的心灵。最后一韵“一夜看承应未别”以设想之景作结，言在月光下赏桂虽只一夜，但格外引人重视，应看作我们永不相别的印记。前面言“愁”，至此笔端一转，言大雁飞来之时，将是秋空万里最美好的时光。古人有“鸿雁传书”之说，所以“雁来时”，应理解为有远方亲人寄来了书信，使词人有似虽已别离“应未别”之感。这虽然是词人的单相思，但也是他的一种热切盼望。结句另开一境，弹出亮色。
全词风格疏阴明快，语语可歌，与其他词作不同。
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苏轼《
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好事近·湖上》
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王守仁《
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龙潭夜坐》
吴文英简介
唐代·吴文英的简介
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吴文英（约1200～1260），字君特，号梦窗，晚年又号觉翁，四明（今浙江宁波）人。原出翁姓，后出嗣吴氏。与贾似道友善。有《梦窗词集》一部，存词三百四十余首，分四卷本与一卷本。其词作数量丰沃，风格雅致，多酬答、伤时与忆悼之作，号“词中李商隐”。而后世品评却甚有争论。
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刘过
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早被儒冠误，衣稀老更侵。
科名数行泪，岐路一生心。