感遇十二首·其四
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唐代]：张九龄
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孤鸿海上来，池潢不敢顾。
侧见双翠鸟，巢在三珠树。
矫矫珍木巅，得无金丸惧？
美服患人指，高明逼神恶。
今我游冥冥，弋者何所慕！
感遇十二首·其四译文及注释
译文
孤傲的鸿雁自海上而来，池塘河潢不敢眷顾。
侧目见到了两只华丽的翠鸟，在华美的三珠树上栖息。
珍贵之木的高处啊，难道不怕猎人的金弹丸？
修美的品德将担心他人的嫉妒与打压，高明之位会让神鬼都深感厌恶。
今日的我在冥冥之中遨游，那也独自游弋的人们将何处追求呢？
注释
感遇：古诗题，用于写心有所感，借物寓意之诗。诗人在贬官荆州期间作《感遇》诗12首，此处所选分别为第四、第一、第二和第七首。
鸿：雁类的泛称。池潢（huang）：池塘，积水池，护城河，代指朝廷。
双翠鸟：即翡翠鸟，雄为翡，雌为翠，毛色华丽多彩。
三珠树：神话传说中的宝树。本作三株树。见《山海经：海外南经》：“三株树在厌火国北，生赤水上，其为树如柏，叶皆为珠。”
矫矫：超然出众的样子。“得无”句：岂不惧怕有子弹打来？得无，表反问语气、岂不、能不。金丸，弹弓的子弹。
“美服”句：身着华美的服装应担心别人指责。患：怕，忧虑。
“高明”句：官位显要会遭到鬼神的厌恶。高明，指地位官职尊贵的人。恶：忌妒，厌恶。西汉扬雄《解嘲》：“高明之家，鬼瞰其室。”
冥冥：高远的天空。⑨“弋者”句：弋者，猎鸟的人。慕，想猎取鸟的欲望。
感遇十二首·其四鉴赏
显然，诗中暗寓的是作者自己的遭际与感受。孤鸿是自喻，而双翠鸟则指在朝中窃据高位的李林甫、牛仙客之流。全诗以孤鸿的口气，写出了诗人的政治生活中所受到的不公正待遇和高逸的情怀。
全诗共十句，可分为两层。前四句为第一层，借孤鸿所见，描写双翠鸟盛气凌人、得意忘形的神态；前两句很耐人寻味，经历过大海上的惊涛骇浪的孤鸿，对对一条小小的护城河却不敢顾，说明人世（特别是朝廷）的险恶远远超过了自然界的险恶。而在这孤鸿“不敢顾”的地方有一双小小的翡翠鸟却竟在珍贵的三珠树上营巢，高高在上，气势熏天。“侧见”有两重意义，一是说明翡翠鸟盛气凌人，不可一世，令人侧目而视；二是说纵然翡翠鸟悲气焰嚣张，但孤鸿对之却不屑正视，由此，也就引发出第二层，即第五句以下的六句。前两句从翡翠鸟骄横情态，想到它们会招致的后果提出问题，这是一个反问。翡翠鸟站立在珍木之颠，窃据高位，飞扬跋扈，难道就不怕别人难以容忍吗？不怕从背后打来的致命的金弹吗？接着平静地指出了一条耐人寻味的生活哲理：“美服患人指，高明逼神恶。”物极必反，地位与权势在官场中愈显赫，也就愈易成为别人猎取的目标，覆灭的日子也就愈近。正因如此，诗中这只孤独的鸿雁，并不艳慕翠鸟一时的荣耀，也不怨恨自己的一时失意，这就引发了最后两句，孤鸿自己决心高举苍冥，翱翔云中，让那些“弋者”的欲望无法得逞。这里所暗寓的是诗人不羡慕荣贵，澹泊名利和决意隐退的情怀，同时也进一步衬托出了翠鸟多代表的小人们狭隘、浅薄的品行。第二层写出了孤鸿的感受。
在描写中，作者始终注意从对比的角度去表现孤鸿与翠鸟的境况。孤雁之于翠鸟，一独一双，一大一小，一质朴一华艳，一方来自浩瀚大海，一方守者小小池潢。然而，小巧的翠鸟却是高高在上，统领要地。“三珠树”，是神仙世界的珍木，它们“巢居”于上，可谓显贵之至。与此相反，硕大的鸿雁对双翠鸟只能“侧见”，甚至“不敢顾”那暗指朝廷的“池潢”，可知其处境的低微与险恶，更反衬出了翠鸟们不可一世的气焰。真可谓黄钟毁弃，瓦釜雷鸣。
此诗本是借自然界的禽鸟寄寓作者的境遇与感慨，但由于作品巧妙地选用了鸿雁与翠鸟的形象、成功地写出了它们的特点，使得作品的意义远远超出了寓意本身，反映了一种普遍性的社会现象和生活哲理。
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和张仆射塞下曲·其一》
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月夜》
张九龄简介
唐代·张九龄的简介
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张九龄(678-740) : 唐开元尚书丞相，诗人。字子寿，一名博物，汉族，韶州曲江（今广东韶关市）人。长安年间进士。官至中书侍郎同中书门下平章事。后罢相，为荆州长史。诗风清淡。有《曲江集》。他是一位有胆识、有远见的著名政治家、文学家、诗人、名相。他忠耿尽职，秉公守则，直言敢谏，选贤任能，不徇私枉法，不趋炎附势，敢与恶势力作斗争，为“开元之治”作出了积极贡献。他的五言古诗，以素练质朴的语言，寄托深远的人生慨望，对扫除唐初所沿习的六朝绮靡诗风，贡献尤大。誉为“岭南第一人”。
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