将赴吴兴登乐游原一绝
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唐代]：杜牧
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清时有味是无能，闲爱孤云静爱僧。
欲把一麾江海去，乐游原上望昭陵。
将赴吴兴登乐游原一绝译文及注释
译文
太平时闲游有趣却是无能，闲爱天上孤云安静爱山僧。
我愿手持旌麾去吴兴上任，乐游原上再望望风雨昭陵。
注释
吴兴：即今浙江省湖州市。乐游原：在长安城南，地势高敞，可以眺望，是当时的游览胜地。
“清时”句：意谓当这清平无所作为之时，自己所以有此闲情。
一麾（huī）：旌旗。
昭陵：唐太宗的陵墓。
将赴吴兴登乐游原一绝创作背景
这首诗是作者于公元850年（唐宣宗大中四年）将离长安到吴兴（今浙江湖州）任刺史时所作。杜牧，一心想报效国家。他曾在京都长安任吏部员外郎，职位清闲，难有作为。他不想这样无所事事地虚度年华，所以这次请求外放，得到批准后，便写下了这首诗表达心情。
将赴吴兴登乐游原一绝鉴赏
在唐人七绝中，也和在整个古典诗歌中一样，以赋、比二体写成的作品较多，兴而比或全属兴体的较少。杜牧这首诗采用了“托事于物”的兴体写法，表达了作者的爱国之情，称得上是一首“言在此而意在彼”、“言已尽而意有余”的名篇。
杜牧不但长于文学，而且具有政治、军事才能，渴望为国家作出贡献。当时他在京城里任吏部员外郎，投闲置散，无法展其抱负，因此请求出守外郡。对于这种被迫无所作为的环境，他当然是很不满意的。诗从安于现实写起，反言见意。武宗、宣宗时期，牛李党争正烈，宦官擅权，中央和藩镇及少数民族政权之间都有战斗，根本算不上“清时”。诗的起句不但称其时为“清时”，而且进一步指出，既然如此，没有才能的自己，倒反而可以借此藏拙，这是很有意趣的。次句承上，点明“闲”与“静”就是上句所指之“味”。而以爱孤云之闲见自己之闲，爱和尚之静见自己之静，这就把闲静之味这样一种抽象的感情形象地显示了出来。
第三句一转。汉代制度，郡太守一车两幡。幡即旌麾之类。唐时刺史略等于汉之太守。这句是说，由于在京城抑郁无聊，所以想手持旌麾，远去江海。（湖州北面是太湖和长江，东南是东海，故到湖州可云去江海。）第四句再转。昭陵是唐太宗的陵墓，在长安西边醴泉县的九嵏山。古人离开京城，每每多所眷恋，如曹植诗：“顾瞻恋城阙，引领情内伤。”（《赠白马王彪》）杜甫诗：“无才日衰老，驻马望千门。”（《至德二载自京金光门出乾元初有悲往事》）都是传诵人口之句。但此诗写登乐游原不望皇宫、城阙，也不望其他已故皇帝的陵墓，而独望昭陵，则是别有深意的。唐太宗是唐代、也是我国封建社会中杰出的皇帝。他建立了大唐帝国，文治武功，都很煊赫；而知人善任，惟贤是举，则是他获得成功的重要因素之一。诗人登高纵目，西望昭陵，就不能不想起当前国家衰败的局势，自己闲静的处境来，而深感生不逢时之可悲可叹了。诗句虽然只是以登乐游原起兴，说到望昭陵，戛然而止，不再多写一字，但其对祖国的热爱，对盛世的追怀，对自己无所施展的悲愤，无不包括在内。写得既深刻，又简练；既沉郁，又含蓄，真所谓“称名也小，取类也大”。
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韦应物《
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秋夜寄邱员外》
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马戴《
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灞上秋居》
杜牧简介
唐代·杜牧的简介
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杜牧（公元803－约852年），字牧之，号樊川居士，汉族，京兆万年（今陕西西安）人，唐代诗人。杜牧人称“小杜”，以别于杜甫。与李商隐并称“小李杜”。因晚年居长安南樊川别墅，故后世称“杜樊川”，著有《樊川文集》。
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