静夜思
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唐代]：李白
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静夜思译文及注释
直译
明亮的月光洒在床前的窗户纸上，好像地上泛起了一层霜。
我禁不住抬起头来，看那天窗外空中的一轮明月，不由得低头沉思，想起远方的家乡。
韵译
皎洁月光洒满床，恰似朦胧一片霜。
仰首只见月一轮，低头教人倍思乡。
注释
静夜思：静静的夜里，产生的思绪 。
床：今传五种说法。
一指井台。已经有学者撰文考证过。中国教育家协会理事程实将考证结果写成论文发表在刊物上，还和好友创作了《诗意图》。
二指井栏。从考古发现来看，中国最早的水井是木结构水井。古代井栏有数米高，成方框形围住井口，防止人跌入井内，这方框形既像四堵墙，又像古代的床。因此古代井栏又叫银床，说明井和床有关系，其关系的发生则是由于两者在形状上的相似和功能上的类同。古代井栏专门有一个字来指称，即“韩”字。《说文》释“韩”为“井垣也”，即井墙之意。
三“床”即“窗”的通假字。本诗中的‘床’字，是争论和异议的焦点。我们可以做一下基本推理。本诗的写作背景是在一个明月夜，很可能是月圆前后，作者由看到月光，再看到明月，又引起思乡之情。
既然作者抬头看到了明月，那么作者不可能身处室内，在室内随便一抬头，是看不到月亮的。因此我们断定，‘床’是室外的一件物什，至于具体是什么，很难考证。从意义上讲，‘床’可能与‘窗’通假，而且在窗户前面是可能看到月亮的。但是，参照宋代版本，‘举头望山月’，便可证实作者所言乃是室外的月亮。从时间上讲，宋代版本比明代版本在对作者原意的忠诚度上，更加可靠。
四取本义，即坐卧的器具，《诗经·小雅·斯干》有“载寐之牀”，《易·剥牀·王犊注》亦有“在下而安者也。”之说，讲得即是卧具。
五马未都等认为，床应解释为胡床。胡床，亦称“交床”、“交椅”、“绳床”。古时一种可以折叠的轻便坐具，马扎功能类似小板凳，但人所坐的面非木板，而是可卷折的布或类似物，两边腿可合起来。现代人常为古代文献中或诗词中的“胡床”或“床”所误。至迟在唐时，“床”仍然是“胡床”（即马扎，一种坐具）。
疑：好像。
举头：抬头。
参考资料：
1、孙宏亮.李白《静夜思》考证. 延安大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 1998,02
静夜思创作背景
李白《静夜思》一诗的写作时间是公元726年（唐玄宗开元之治十四年）旧历九月十五日左右。李白时年26岁，写作地点在当时扬州旅舍。其《秋夕旅怀》诗当为《静夜思》的续篇，亦同时同地所作。
参考资料：
1、孙宏亮.李白《静夜思》考证. 延安大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 1998,02
静夜思鉴赏
诗的前两句，是写诗人在作客他乡的特定环境中一刹那间所产生的错觉。一个独处他乡的人，白天奔波忙碌，倒还能冲淡离愁，然而一到夜深人静的时候，心头就难免泛起阵阵思念故乡的波澜。何况是在月明之夜，更何况是月色如霜的秋夜。“疑是地上霜”中的“疑”字，生动地表达了诗人睡梦初醒，迷离恍惚中将照射在床前的清冷月光误作铺在地面的浓霜。而“霜”字用得更妙，既形容了月光的皎洁，又表达了季节的寒冷，还烘托出诗人飘泊他乡的孤寂凄凉之情。
诗的后两句，则是通过动作神态的刻画，深化思乡之情。“望”字照应了前句的“疑”字，表明诗人已从迷朦转为清醒，他翘首凝望着月亮，不禁想起，此刻他的故乡也正处在这轮明月的照耀下。于是自然引出了“低头思故乡”的结句。“低头”这一动作描画出诗人完全处于沉思之中。而“思”字又给读者留下丰富的想象：那家乡的父老兄弟、亲朋好友，那家乡的一山一水、一草一木，那逝去的年华与往事……无不在思念之中。一个“思”字所包涵的内容实在太丰富了。
明人胡应麟说：“太白诸绝句，信口而成，所谓无意于工而无不工者。”（《诗薮·内编》卷六）王世懋认为：“（绝句）盛唐惟青莲（李白）、龙标（王昌龄）二家诣极。李更自然，故居王上。”（《艺圃撷馀》）怎样才算“自然”，才是“无意于工而无不工”呢？这首《静夜思》就是个样榜。所以胡氏特地把它提出来，说是“妙绝古今”。
这首小诗，既没有奇特新颖的想象，更没有精工华美的辞藻；它只是用叙述的语气，写远客思乡之情，然而它却意味深长，耐人寻味，千百年来，如此广泛地吸引着读者。
一个作客他乡的人，大概都会有这样的感觉吧：白天倒还罢了，到了夜深人静的时候，思乡的情绪，就难免一阵阵地在心头泛起波澜；何况是月明之夜，更何况是明月如霜的秋夜！
月白霜清，是清秋夜景；以霜色形容月光，也是古典诗歌中所经常看到的。例如梁简文帝萧纲《玄圃纳凉》诗中就有“夜月似秋霜”之句；而稍早于李白的唐代诗人张若虚在《春江花月夜》里，用“空里流霜不觉飞”来写空明澄澈的月光，给人以立体感，尤见构思之妙。可是这些都是作为一种修辞的手段而在诗中出现的。这诗的“疑是地上霜”，是叙述，而非摹形拟象的状物之辞，是诗人在特定环境中一刹那间所产生的错觉。为什么会有这样的错觉呢？不难想象，这两句所描写的是客中深夜不能成眠、短梦初回的情景。这时庭院是寂寥的，透过窗户的皎洁月光射到床前，带来了冷森森的秋宵寒意。诗人朦胧地乍一望去，在迷离恍惚的心情中，真好象是地上铺了一层白皑皑的浓霜；可是再定神一看，四周围的环境告诉他，这不是霜痕而是月色。月色不免吸引着他抬头一看，一轮娟娟素魄正挂在窗前，秋夜的太空是如此的明净！这时，他完全清醒了。
秋月是分外光明的，然而它又是清冷的。对孤身远客来说，最容易触动旅思秋怀，使人感到客况萧条，年华易逝。凝望着月亮，也最容易使人产生遐想，想到故乡的一切，想到家里的亲人。想着，想着，头渐渐地低了下去，完全浸入于沉思之中。
从“疑”到“举头”，从“举头”到“低头”，形象地揭示了诗人内心活动，鲜明地勾勒出一幅生动形象的月夜思乡图。
短短四句诗，写得清新朴素，明白如话。它的内容是单纯的，但同时却又是丰富的。它是容易理解的，却又是体味不尽的。诗人所没有说的比他已经说出来的要多得多。它的构思是细致而深曲的，但却又是脱口吟成、浑然无迹的。从这里，读者不难领会到李白绝句的“自然”、“无意于工而无不工”的妙境。
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白居易《
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草》
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杜甫《
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闻官军收河南河北》
李白简介
唐代·李白的简介
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李白（701年－762年），字太白，号青莲居士，唐朝浪漫主义诗人，被后人誉为“诗仙”。祖籍陇西成纪(待考)，出生于西域碎叶城，4岁再随父迁至剑南道绵州。李白存世诗文千余篇，有《李太白集》传世。762年病逝，享年61岁。其墓在今安徽当涂，四川江油、湖北安陆有纪念馆。
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幽意值所适，冶游良未然。木末摇东风，溪水鸣溅溅。
人心抱幽默，相激各自贤。岂不愿安静，逼抑成沸煎。
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干楼晚眺 其一
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明代：
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李贽
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呼朋万里外，拍手层霄间。塞晚浮烟重，天空岁月闲。
断云迷古戍，落日照西山。幸有声歌在，更残且未还。
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早春游沔阳舟发汉上口占
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清代：
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张问陶
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客里重为客，饥来百事非。一舟如许大，三匝竟何依。
欲死悲囊粟，无才负布衣。春鸥吾愧汝，清远背人飞。
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晏坐信笔二首 其一
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：
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陈振家
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孤根悬绕托岩屏，寸土得生真福庭。未敢恃才轻命数，岂将俗理诘苍冥。
溪山久处有清气，人事多争损性灵。自落天涯无挂碍，吟魂欲共远峰青。