寒食
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唐代]：韩翃
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日暮汉宫传蜡烛，轻烟散入五侯家。
寒食译文及注释
译文
暮春时节，长安城处处柳絮飞舞、落红无数，寒食节东风吹拂着皇家花园的柳枝。
夜色降临，宫里忙着传蜡烛，袅袅炊烟散入王侯贵戚的家里。
注释
春城：暮春时的长安城。
寒食：古代在清明节前两天的节日，焚火三天，只吃冷食，所以称寒食。御柳：御苑之柳，皇城中的柳树。
汉宫：这里指唐朝皇官。传蜡烛：寒食节普天下禁火，但权贵宠臣可得到皇帝恩赐而得到燃烛。《唐辇下岁时记》“清明日取榆柳之火以赐近臣”。
五侯：汉成帝时封王皇后的五个兄弟王谭、王商、王立、王根、王逢时皆为候，受到特别的恩宠。这里泛指天子近幸之臣。
参考资料：
1、张在军，王彦安．新课标小学生必备古诗词（六年级）：石油工业出版社，2010年
寒食创作背景
唐代制度，到清明这天，皇帝宣旨取榆柳之火赏赐近臣。这仪式用意有二：一是标志着寒食节已结束，可以用火了；二是藉此给臣子官吏们提个醒，让大家向有功也不受禄的介子推学习。中唐以后，几任昏君都宠幸宦官，以致他们的权势很大，败坏朝政，排斥朝官。有意见认为此诗正是因此而发。
寒食鉴赏
开头一句“春城无处不飞花”。“春城”指春天里的都城长安。“飞花”即花瓣纷纷飘落，点明暮春季节。“无处不”，用双重否定构成肯定，进而写出整个长安柳絮飞舞，落红无数的迷人春景。第二句“寒食东风御柳斜”是写皇宫园林中的风光。“御柳”是指御苑里的柳树。当时风俗寒食日折柳插门，清明这天皇帝还要降旨取榆柳之火赏赐近臣，以示恩宠。所以诗人在无限的春光中特地剪取随东风飘拂的“御柳”。
诗的前两句写的是白昼，后两句则是写夜晚：“日暮汉宫传蜡烛，轻烟散入五侯家。”“日暮”就是傍晚。“汉宫”是借古讽今，实指唐朝的皇宫。“五侯”一般指东汉时，同日封侯的五个宦官。这里借汉喻唐，暗指中唐以来受皇帝宠幸、专权跋扈的宦官。这两句是说寒食节这天家家都不能生火点灯，但皇宫却例外，天还没黑，宫里就忙着分送蜡烛，除了皇宫，贵近宠臣也可得到这份恩典。诗中用“传”与“散”生动地画出了一幅夜晚走马传烛图，使人如见蜡烛之光，如闻轻烟之味。寒食禁火，是我国沿袭已久的习俗，但权贵大臣们却可以破例地点蜡烛。诗人对这种腐败的政治现象做出委婉的讽刺。
这首诗善于选取典型的题材，引用贴切的典故对宦官得宠专权的腐败现象进行讽刺。虽然写得很含蓄，但有了历史典故的暗示，和中唐社会情况的印证，读者还是能了解诗的主题的。
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张九龄《
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感遇十二首·其二》
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佚名《
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杂诗》
韩翃简介
唐代·韩翃的简介
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韩翃，唐代诗人。字君平，南阳（今河南南阳）人。是“大历十才子”之一。天宝13年（754）考中进士，宝应年间在淄青节度使侯希逸幕府中任从事，后随侯希逸回朝，闲居长安十年。建中年间，因作《寒食》诗被唐德宗所赏识，因而被提拔为中书舍人。韩翃诗笔法轻巧，写景别致，在当时传诵很广。
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