双双燕·满城社雨
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清代]：张惠言
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满城社雨，又唤起无家，一年新恨。花轻柳重，隔断红楼芳径。旧垒谁家曾识，更生怕、主人相问。商量多少雕檐，还是差池不定。谁省、去年春静。直数到今年，丝魂絮影。前身应是，一片落红残粉。不住呢喃交讯，又惹得、莺儿闲听。输于池上鸳鸯，日日阑前双暝。
双双燕·满城社雨鉴赏
这是一首咏燕之作。燕子作为春天的信使，美丽的象征，自古以来就受到人们的赏爱，所以咏燕之作代不乏人，《诗.邶风.燕燕》，南宋词人史达祖的《双双燕》词就是其中脍炙人口的特别清拨之作。张惠言的这首《双双燕》词显然汲取了我国古代咏燕诗词的文化底蕴，尤其可以看出他对史达祖《双双燕》词在艺术构思上的某些传承。不过，作为清代文学史上开宗立派的一流文学宗师，张惠言始终不屑于拾前人牙慧，始终欲有创立和开辟，他的朋友鲍桂星就说他：“独念君生晚近时，慨然为举世不为之学，每举一艺，辄欲与古之第一流者相角，而不屑稍贬以从俗”（《受经堂汇稿序》）。所以，惠言的这首《双双燕》词虽有汲取，但多新变，展示更多的是他独立不偶的心性以及别出心裁的艺术追思，且又传达出他游踪漂泊而又寂寞孤苦的人生遭际。
农历一月底二月初的“春社”时节，“满城”均下着淅淅沥沥的春雨，那沥沥雨丝与潇潇雨声唤起一双燕子无家可归的“新恨”，因为花开花落，冬去春来，年年迁移的侯鸟燕子，又要开始新的漂泊。然而，此时此刻，燕子还不知道家在何方。春天的花朵还是那样灿烂，春天的杨柳还是那么葱翠，它们重重叠叠隔断了通向闺中思妇居住的“红楼”小径。燕子隐隐约约还记得去年砌下的旧巢，但又不能确认。燕子打量了多少屋檐雕龙描凤的殷实之家，想找出去年旧巢，但它们最终还是飞来飞去，迟疑彷徨，找不到一个栖息或再筑新巢的地方。谁人能够了解燕子春去秋来那年年岁岁都萦绕在心头如“丝魂絮影”般的漂泊与孤独的心境？那漂泊与孤寂的燕子呵，前身理应是那一片片凋谢飘零的“落红残粉”。燕子迟疑彷徨，但它们相濡以沫，态度亲昵。它们不停地呢喃，似乎在交换着意见，又似乎在互倾衷肠。它们恩爱的关关鸣声，又让黄莺鸟听得那么专注。燕子虽然恩爱，但它们栖移不定的漂泊生涯，毕竟比不上那日日在水池画栏傍双栖双眠的鸳鸯来得宁静、温馨。
张惠言出生于常州武进县一个世代为儒然科考不彰的清寒家庭，四岁时父亲就病卒，其母将他含辛茹苦教养而成。惠言回忆其早年孤苦生活时描述道：“一日，暮归，无以为夕餮，各不食而寝。迟明，惠言饿不能起。先妣曰：‘儿不惯饿惫也？吾与尔姊尔弟，时时如此也！’惠言泣，先妣亦泣”（《茗柯文编.先妣事略》）。从十四岁开始就外出教授为生，其间两次在安徽歙县金榜家设帐授徒，泄留时间最为长久。二十六岁至三十九岁时又七上京师应进士试。在张惠言四十二岁的生命历程里，约四分之三的时间身居异乡，为糊口而漂泊四方。所以惠言一生饱尝抛妻离子的别离之苦，也屡受寂寞孤苦的煎熬。此词就借咏燕，委婉且淋漓尽致地抒写他身处异乡时那种寂寞难耐的孤苦感，那种漂泊四方时压抑在心头的感伤，那种茕茕孓立时对亲人与故乡不可遏止的思念。词中“满城社雨，又唤起无家，一年新恨”，“前身应是，一片落红残粉”，“输于池上鸳鸯，日日阑前双暝”等语，既是惠言对浪迹天涯燕子的拟人化描摹，更是他此时此刻孤苦、感伤、思念且又有几分怨懑心态的真实反映。张惠言《双双燕》词所反映出来的苦寒人生遭遇，既是他个人的，又是传统社会中诸多为生计、为功名奔走四方、萍飘天涯的“寒士”们孤苦生涯的真切写照。
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温庭筠《
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拂舞词》
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白居易《
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放言五首·其四》
张惠言简介
唐代·张惠言的简介
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张惠言（1761～1802）清代词人、散文家。原名一鸣，字皋文，一作皋闻，号茗柯，武进（今江苏常州）人。嘉庆四年进士，官编修。少为词赋，深于易学，与惠栋、焦循一同被后世称为“乾嘉易学三大家”。又尝辑《词选》，为常州词派之开山，著有《茗柯文集》。
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