咏蕙诗
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魏晋]：繁钦
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蕙草生山北，托身失所依。
植根阴崖侧，夙夜惧危颓。
寒泉浸我根，凄风常徘徊。
三光照八极，独不蒙余晖。
葩叶永雕瘁，凝露不暇晞。
百卉皆含荣，己独失时姿。
比我英芳发，鶗鴂鸣已衰。
咏蕙诗译文及注释
译文
蕙草生长在大山的北面，无依无靠，孤苦伶仃。
蕙草生长在背阳的高峰上，日夜担忧唯恐坠落下来。
冰冷的泉水浸泡着我的根，寒冷的风随时吹打着我的身躯。
日、月、星的光辉能普照大地，然后由于山崖的阻隔，蕙草只能承受到一点微弱的光线。
花和叶子一直都很枯槁，身上也一直披着露霜。
百花盛开之季，而蕙草却独独发育迟缓而显得与季节不合。
待到蕙草开花的时候，已是暮春时节，百花凋零了。
注释
蕙（huì）草：香草名，又名熏草、零陵香，俗名“佩兰”，绿叶紫花，有清香味，魏武帝（曹操）以之为香烧之，俗习以为佩带它可以除臭避疫。
阴崖：背阳的山崖。
夙夜：朝夕，日夜。危：原指危险,这里是高处之意。颓（tuí）：坠落。
徘（pái）徊（huái）：回旋往返，意为随风摇摆。
三光：指日、月、星的光芒。八极：八方之极远之地，极言其远。
蒙（méng）：蒙受，承受。余晖：傍晚的阳光，这里指微弱的光线。
葩（pā）：花。瘁（cuì）：同“悴”，憔悴，枯萎，枯槁。
暇（xiá）：闲暇。晞（xī）：消失，逝去。
百卉：百花。荣：花木的花。
时姿：时节下的姿态。
比：等到。
鶗（tí）鴂（jué）：杜鹃鸟。杜鹃鸟常常暮春时鸣叫，因而它的叫常常是花落时节的象征。
参考资料：
1、夏传才主编；张兰花，程晓菡校注．《三曹七子之外建安作家诗文合集校注（上册）》：河北教育出版社，2013.06：第35-36页
2、萧涤非，姚奠中，胡国瑞等著．《汉魏晋南北朝隋诗鉴赏词典》：山西人民出版社，1989.03：第172页
咏蕙诗创作背景
作者繁钦身处东汉末年，社会动荡不安，自己虽有才能，但社会环境的险恶，使他不能施展自己的才华，建功立业。而诗中兰花的这一不幸遭遇，也正是作者自身的写照。 于是，作者根据自身的经历，写下了该诗。
参考资料：
1、俞为民编选．《深谷幽香·兰花》：江苏古籍出版社，1997年08月第1版：第16页
咏蕙诗鉴赏
在古代的咏兰诗中，大多是赞美兰花的高洁品性的，然而该首咏兰诗与一般咏兰诗不同，它咏叙了兰花因托身非地而遭遇的不幸。
全诗可分为两个部分。从“蕙草生山北”至“独不蒙馀晖”为第一部分。写兰花所生长的环境。“蕙草生山北，托身失所依”是总写，兰花生长山的北面，生非其地。接下来“植根”六句，是具体描写这一恶劣的环境。
在这恶劣的环境中，幼小的生命怎么生活。诗的后半部分就着重描述了在险恶环境中的蕙草是怎样顽强抗争的。但任凭环境再恶劣，蕙草也没有丢掉自己的芳香，尽管百花都已开过，蕙草也在最后一个发出了动人心魄的芳香，即使这芳香姗姗来迟，却显示了一种精神，一种顽强的、百折不挠的精神。但是蕙草刚刚发出芬芳，却又到了百花凋谢的季节，对于花草来说，开花吐香是其一生最辉煌的时期，然后蕙草的辉煌是如此的短暂。诗到这里，黯然而收，透出一种不言而伤的情调，诗人对此寄予了深深的同情与惋惜。
诗人身处东汉末年，当时各个势力割据，社会动荡不安，民不聊生。诗作也正是反映了一部分中下层文士的极端苦闷又不甘沉沦的情绪，诗中那个阴冷凄清的环境正是东汉社会黑暗的一个侧面写照。
全诗采用“比兴”的手法，“怨而不怒”的态度，并用叙事体第一人称的口气，以形象的语言把咏物与身世之慨结合的天衣无缝，表现的感情有时哀怨动人，生动形象。
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岑参《
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使院中新栽柏树子呈李十五栖筠》
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柳宗元《
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南中荣橘柚》
繁钦简介
唐代·繁钦的简介
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繁钦(?-218)字休伯，东汉颍川（今河南禹县）人。曾任丞相曹操主簿，以善写诗、赋、文章知名于世。
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