咏牡丹
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宋代]：王溥
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堪笑牡丹如斗大，不成一事又空枝。
咏牡丹译文及注释
译文
枣花虽然很小，但能结果实。桑叶虽然柔软，却能养蚕吐丝。
可笑牡丹花大得像斗，却什么也不能作，不过白白长一条枝子。
注释
咏牡丹：亦指王随，王曙作。
牡丹：多年生落叶小灌木，生长缓慢，株型小，株高多在0.5～2米之间；根肉质，粗而长，中心木质化，长度一般在0.5～0.8米，极少数根长度可达2米。牡丹是我国特有的木本名贵花卉，花大色艳、雍容华贵、富丽端庄、芳香浓郁，而且品种繁多，素有"国色天香"、"花中之王"的美称，长期以来被人们当做富贵吉祥、繁荣兴旺的象征。
桑叶：桑科植物桑的干燥叶，又名家桑、荆桑、桑椹树、黄桑等。
斗大：大如斗。对小的物体，形容其大。南朝宋刘义庆《世说新语·尤悔》：“周曰：‘今年杀诸贼奴，当取金印如斗大系肘后。’”清二石生《十洲春语》卷下：“不能如介子定远辈，投笔立功，勒铭燕然，以博取斗大悬肘之印。”
参考资料：
1、陈光辉，席凤宁主编．中国状元大典 （上册：北京出版社，1998.12：312
咏牡丹鉴赏
王溥的这首之所以能给人耳目一新的直觉印象，是他一反人们对牡丹一向喜爱赞美的心态。题目用“咏”，先顺从人众的普遍心理定势，先诱导你，鄙人可没说牡丹的坏话，我是要歌咏它。读者乍眼一看，心理必然想着，歌咏牡丹者夥矣，王溥还能说出什么？这样想着，就好奇的往下读，结果却读出了对牡丹的说三道四。虽然有些生气，但细品，诗人的审美情思落在了两个点上——外表美和实用美。他担心人们不服气，先拿枣桑来示例：枣花虽小，秋后有枣儿甜脆可口；桑叶很柔弱，他能养蚕结丝，美艳的绫罗由桑叶生成。这回晾晾牡丹的底吧：花朵真大呀！大得无法形容，好像人们喜欢用“斗”来形容大，那就说她“如斗大”吧。还有，她的美艳，她的光彩，耀人眼目，让人心荡神怡，诗人是知道的，但他有意无视这些，因为，这些都是没有实用价值的虚妄的外在美，仅此一点，不值一提，值得一提的是，她一旦开完美艳的花，就花去枝空，空空如也，有什么好赞美的呢？诗我可写完了，读不读是你的事，读懂读不懂更是你的事，认同不认同我也不管你，我只写我的诗。诗人表完态了，我也表态：仅就诗而言绝对是好诗，如果取作对待人生的价值观，那就不好了。人生既离不开更多具有实用价值的东西，也离不了一些外表美而虚无缥缈的事物，人们有时喜欢画饼充“饥”和做梦——化蝶梦或黄粱梦。
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王溥《
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咏牡丹》
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谢懋《
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霜天晓角·桂花》
王溥简介
唐代·王溥的简介
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王溥（922年－982年），字齐物，宋初并州祁人。历任后周太祖、世宗、恭帝、宋太祖——两代四朝宰相。出生于官宦世家，948年，甲科进士第一名，任秘书郎，953年，官至宰相。周恭帝时，上表请修《世宗实录》，与扈蒙、张淡等共同编修。郭威任枢密使时，率军平河中叛乱，聘为幕僚。957年，周世宗柴荣请王溥选择将帅，王溥举荐向拱，再次取得胜利。世宗死，赵匡胤势力强大，“王溥亦阴效诚款”，并献奉宅园取悦于他。赵匡胤黄袍加身返京，王溥“降阶先拜”。964年正月，罢相，任太子少保。太平兴国初年，封祁国公，982年八月去世。谥文献。
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