巽公院五咏·苦竹桥
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唐代]：柳宗元
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俯瞰涓涓流，仰聆萧萧吟。
差池下烟日，嘲哳鸣山禽。
谅无要津用，栖息有馀阴。
巽公院五咏·苦竹桥译文及注释
译文
高高的桥与幽幽的小路相连，它曲曲折折穿过稀疏的竹林。
竹子从笋箨中迸发苦节，青皮环抱空虚的竹心。
俯身看桥下细细的溪流，抬头听山间萧萧的竹韵。
烟雾蒸腾中阳光西下，山里的鸟儿在嘲哳乱鸣。
料想苦竹不可能作为渡口的竹伐，正好给我们的休憩提供了绿荫。
注释
苦竹：竹的一种。杆矮小，节较其它竹为长，四月中生笋，味苦。
危桥：高桥。属：连接。幽径：幽深的小路。
迸：裂，开。箨（tuò）：竹笋上一层一层的皮，即笋壳。
筠（yún）：竹皮。虚心：空心。
瞰（kàn）：望，俯视，向下看。
聆：听。吟：成调的声音。
差池：参差不齐。《诗经·邶风·燕燕》：“燕燕于飞，差池其羽。”
嘲口哲（zhāo zhā）：亦作“嘲哳”、“啁哳”，形容声音杂乱细碎。
谅：料想，实在。要津：重要的渡口，隐喻重要的职位。
巽公院五咏·苦竹桥鉴赏
本诗更象一首咏物诗，它描写的是苦竹间的桥，而且表面上是写桥，实则重点是写竹，桥只不过是陪衬而已。苦竹，楚地湘南极普通的一种竹子，而且连名称都带有贬意。诗人独具慧眼，从平凡的事物中发现了诗意，将自己身世遭遇与不起眼的苦竹有机联系起来，寓意于有“苦竹”“虚心”的竹。诗的结构与组诗一致，分三层。前四句写实：“危桥属幽径，缭绕穿疏林”，远远的桥与幽幽的小路相连接，它缭绕地穿过稀疏的竹林。突出危桥、幽径、疏林。“迸箨分苦节，轻筠抱虚心”。特写竹子的拔节，充分运用诗的想象，似乎看见竹子从笋箨中迸发出苦节，轻轻的筠皮环抱着空虚的竹心。诗中突出了“苦节”与“虚心”。第二层写桥上观景所得：俯身可以看到绢绢细流，抬头可以听到萧萧的竹声。烟雾蒸腾中阳光西下，山里的鸟儿啁鸣归巢。既俯看，又仰视，还运用听觉。天边的太阳，近处的鸟鸣，一一入画，充满了生机。眼中的景物往往是诗人内心世界的外在展示。大自然是美好的，然而胸怀大志的诗人不能象鸟一样自由飞翔，投入她的怀抱，只能与“囚徒为朋”，在寺院的木鱼声中难以入眠，这强烈的反差不能不使人产生共鸣，伤感之情溢于言表。最后抒发感概“谅无要津用，栖息有余阴”，这里的苦竹也不可能作为渡口的竹伐，正好给我们的栖息提供了荫凉。正如吴文治先生所指出的：“作者借竹自喻,感叹竹子虽有‘苦节’和‘虚心’的美质，也只能供人和鸟歇息遮阴，不会用在重要的渡口，隐有自伤怀才不遇之意。”（《柳宗元选集》）诗除了咏苦竹桥之外，还写到竹林、小径、溪流、竹韵、落日、鸟鸣，故自然属于山水诗。
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陈子昂《
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与东方左史虬修竹篇》
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郑燮《
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新竹》
柳宗元简介
唐代·柳宗元的简介
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柳宗元（773年－819年），字子厚，唐代河东（今山西运城）人，杰出诗人、哲学家、儒学家乃至成就卓著的政治家，唐宋八大家之一。著名作品有《永州八记》等六百多篇文章，经后人辑为三十卷，名为《柳河东集》。因为他是河东人，人称柳河东，又因终于柳州刺史任上，又称柳柳州。柳宗元与韩愈同为中唐古文运动的领导人物，并称“韩柳”。在中国文化史上，其诗、文成就均极为杰出，可谓一时难分轩轾。
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