咏煤炭
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明代]：于谦
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凿开混沌得乌金，藏蓄阳和意最深。
爝火燃回春浩浩，洪炉照破夜沉沉。
鼎彝元赖生成力，铁石犹存死后心。
但愿苍生俱饱暖，不辞辛苦出山林。
咏煤炭译文及注释
译文
凿开混沌之地层，获得煤炭是乌金。蕴藏无尽之热力，心藏情义最深沉。
融融燃起之炬火，犹如浩浩之春风。熊熊洪炉之烈焰，照破灰沉之夜空。
钟鼎彝器之制作，全靠原力之生成。铁石虽然已死去，仍然保留最忠心。
只是希望天下人，都能吃饱又穿暖。不辞辛劳与艰苦，走出荒僻之山林。
注释
混沌（dùn）：古代指世界未开辟前的原始状态。这里指未开发的煤矿。乌金：指煤炭，因黑而有光泽，故名。
阳和：原指阳光和暖。这里借指煤炭蓄藏的热力。意最深：有深层的情意。
爝（jué）火：小火，火把。浩浩：广大无际貌。
烘炉：大火炉。
鼎彝（yí）：原是古代的饮食用具，后专指帝王宗庙祭器，引申为国家、朝廷。这里兼含两义。鼎，炊具；彝，酒器。元：通“原”，本来。赖：依靠。生成力：煤炭燃烧生成的力量。
“铁石”句：意谓当铁石被消融而化为煤炭的时候，它仍有为人造福之本心。古人误认为煤炭是铁石久埋地下变成的。
苍生：老百姓。
参考资料：
1、徐中玉 金启华．中国古代文学作品选（二）．上海：华东师范大学出版社，1999：316-317
2、高濯缨．明诗三百首．海口：海南国际新闻出版中心，1994：68-69
咏煤炭创作背景
这首《咏煤炭》诗是明朝名臣于谦托物抒怀言志之作。现代有学者认为此诗是作者踏上仕途之始创作的。
参考资料：
1、刘光前.甘于奉献的心声——于谦《咏煤炭》品读[J].写作,1999(03).
咏煤炭鉴赏
这首咏物诗，是作者以煤炭自喻，托物明志，表现其为国为民的抱负。于写物中结合着咏怀。
第一句：咏煤炭点题。
第二句：正面抒怀，说这里蕴藏着治国安民的阳和布泽之气。“意最深”，特别突出此重点的深意。“春浩浩”承接“阳和”，“照破夜沉沉”，对照着写，显示除旧布新的力量。古人称庙堂宰相为鼎鼐，这里说宰相的作为，有赖于其人具有生成万物的能力，仍从煤炭的作用方面比喻。
第三句：“铁石”句表示坚贞不变的决心，也正是于谦人格的写照。
第四句：“但愿苍生俱饱暖”，从煤炭进一步生发，即杜甫广厦万间大庇天下寒士之意而扩大之。末句绾结到自己出山济世，一切艰辛在所甘心历之的本意，即托物言志。
综上：
前四句描写煤炭的形象，写尽煤炭一生。后四句有感而发，抒发诗人为国为民，竭尽心力的情怀。全诗以物喻人，托物言志。诗人一生忧国忧民，以兴国为己任。其志向在后四句明确点出，其舍己为公的心志在后两句表现得尤为明显。综合全诗，诗人在诗中表达了这样的志向：铁石虽然坚硬，但依然存有为国为民造福之心，即使历尽千辛万苦，他也痴心不改，不畏艰难，舍身为国为民效力。
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李清照《
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添字丑奴儿·窗前谁种芭蕉树》
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于谦《
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咏煤炭》
于谦简介
唐代·于谦的简介
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于谦（1398年5月13日－1457年2月16日），字廷益，号节庵，官至少保，世称于少保。汉族，明朝浙江承宣布政使司杭州钱塘县人。因参与平定汉王朱高煦谋反有功，得到明宣宗器重，担任明朝山西河南巡抚。明英宗时期，因得罪王振下狱，后释放，起为兵部侍郎。土木之变后英宗被俘，郕王朱祁钰监国，擢兵部尚书。于谦力排南迁之议，决策守京师，与诸大臣请郕王即位。瓦剌兵逼京师，督战，击退之。论功加封少保，总督军务，终迫也先遣使议和，使英宗得归。天顺元年因“谋逆”罪被冤杀。谥曰忠肃。有《于忠肃集》。于谦与岳飞、张煌言并称“西湖三杰”。
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