古香慢·赋沧浪看桂
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宋代]：吴文英
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怨娥坠柳，离佩摇葓，霜讯南圃。漫忆桥扉，倚竹袖寒日暮。还问月中游，梦飞过、金风翠羽。把残云、胜水万顷，暗熏冷麝凄苦。
渐浩渺、凌山高处。秋澹无光，残照谁主。露粟侵肌，夜约羽林轻误。翦碎惜秋心，更肠断、珠尘藓路。怕重阳，又催近、满城细雨。
古香慢·赋沧浪看桂鉴赏
沧浪指苏州沧浪亭，在州学之南。这首《古香慢》是吴梦窗的一首咏物词，所咏之物即为沧浪亭的桂。从词风和内容看。此词大约写于公元1243年（宋理宗淳祐三年），反映的是词人面临南宋衰亡的哀感。
此词写于重阳节前，一开始就写秋气萧瑟。“怨娥坠柳，离佩摇葓，霜讯南圃。”以景物起兴，以“霜”点时节，引入本题。写背景，用的是半拟人化手法。“怨娥”指柳叶，柳叶像愁眉不展的怨女一样从枝头坠落。“离佩”指水葓即红蓼的红色花穗分披。像分开的玉佩一样，摇荡着红蓼。然后归结到秋霜已来问讯南圃，意指秋天到了。“讯”也是拟人化的字眼。
词随后写“漫忆桥扉，倚竹袖寒日暮”，就是用拟人手法写桂。词人看到桂，引起无限遐思，漫想是佳人薄袖凌寒，日暮倚竹。“桥扉”即小桥通往宅院的门。下二句另作别想：“还问月中游，梦飞过、金风翠羽。”问是问桂，疑是梦游月宫时，有金风吹来、翠鸟飞过、似曾相识的桂树。到此就点出了沧浪亭桥头的桂树。时间已近傍晚，上片最后二句“把残云剩水万顷，暗薰冷麝凄苦”，又转笔到桂花的现实处境来。日晚云残，天寒水浅，桂树只把周围云水以自己的冷香薰射，内心含着莫乎名状的凄凉悲苦。从第一句起，直到写桂，中间比拟佳人，设想月桂，是顿挫之处，寓有今昔不同之感。写杨柳红蓼及桂树与修竹、云水相依的地方、则完全是体现沧浪亭一片寂寞无主的悲凉，其悲哀远过于“庭草无人随意绿”、“空梁落燕泥”。
下阕，便紧接着“无主”写沧浪亭的情境，再转到看桂上。“渐浩渺、凌山高处。秋澹无光，残照谁主。”一片寒波渺茫，是登上山之高处所见，然后明写词人的感想：沧浪亭的一片冷落淡漠的秋色，这斜阳秋树的主人是谁呢？后一句分明是寄托了濒于危亡、国事无人管的沉痛，这种境界，不仅仅是韩王已死，园林无主的一般诉说。随后又转入本题，再用拟人化手法写桂：“露粟侵肌，夜约羽林轻误。”这里借用《飞燕外传》“飞燕通邻羽林射鸟者，……雪夜期射鸟者于舍旁，飞燕露立，闭息顺气，体温舒，无疹粟（毛孔不起粟）”的故事，却一反其本意，因为桂的花象积聚在一起的金粟，所以说露下侵肌生粟，是入夜约会过羽林郎而被他轻率误期的缘故。这一笔从寂寞无主境况中宕开，写眼中的桂花，用笔很美。然而又陡转入更深一步的悲惜。下二句“翦碎惜秋心，更肠断、珠尘藓路”，因桂花小蕊，故言“碎”，又以“翦碎”为言，似乎桂花之所以是小蕊，乃惜秋而心碎之故。此二句极见词心之细。最后写：“怕重阳，又催近、满城风雨。”用宋人潘大临“满城风雨近重阳”句意，但语言颠倒错置，说：怕重阳将近，又催得满城风雨。这是紧逼一步的写法，句意重点落在随后的“满城风雨”四个字上。不但桂花正纷纷落下，而且葬花天气一来，桂花将不可收拾。但他又不明白写出，只做含蓄的示意，以淡淡的哀愁寄寓苍凉的感慨。
吴梦窗这首词字眼用得美而生动，层次亦极分明，上下阙一开始都是先横写境，然后纵写桂。上阙发挥了自己充分的想象力，用拟人手法写出了桂的美，然而处境凄凉，又写出其与修竹云水相依的寂寞。下阙写残照无主，一片荒凉，再转用拟人法写桂的寂寞无主，在悲寂无廖之中孤独地凋谢了。词中处处有令人感到内心沉痛的情感显现，真是极精之品。
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白居易《
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晚桃花》
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周朴《
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桃花》
吴文英简介
唐代·吴文英的简介
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吴文英（约1200～1260），字君特，号梦窗，晚年又号觉翁，四明（今浙江宁波）人。原出翁姓，后出嗣吴氏。与贾似道友善。有《梦窗词集》一部，存词三百四十余首，分四卷本与一卷本。其词作数量丰沃，风格雅致，多酬答、伤时与忆悼之作，号“词中李商隐”。而后世品评却甚有争论。
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