临江仙·孤雁
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清代]：纳兰性德
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霜冷离鸿惊失伴，有人同病相怜。拟凭尺素寄愁边，愁多书屡易，双泪落灯前。
莫对月明思往事，也知消减年年。无端嘹唳一声传，西风吹只影，刚是早秋天。
临江仙·孤雁译文及注释
译文
秋霜遍地，离群的大雁失去了自己的同伴，它可知道，地上有个人与它同病相怜。想要将一怀愁绪用短信寄出去，却发现愁绪太多变换不定，于是只能对着烛光暗自垂泪。
不要对着明月遥想当年的往事，那会让人衣带渐宽，形影憔悴。忽然云中传来一声孤雁哀鸣，抬头望去，那孤单的身影缥缈在初秋的寒风之中。
注释
临江仙：唐教坊曲，后用作词牌，为双调小令。又名《谢新恩》、《画屏春》等。格律俱为平韵格，全词分两片，上下片各五句，三平韵。
离鸿：失群的大雁。宋周邦彦《浪淘沙慢》：“念汉浦离鸿去何许？经时信音绝。”
拟凭二句：意谓拟以书信排遣愁怀，但愁绪太多，写了又写，屡写屡改。凭：根据，凭借，以。尺素：书写用的一尺长左右的白色生绢，借指小的画幅，短的书信。
嘹唳（liáo lì）：声音响亮而凄清。这里指孤雁叫声。宋梅尧臣《范饶州夫人挽词》之一：“江边有孤鹤，嘹唳独伤神。”
只影（zhī yǐng）：谓孤独无偶。
参考资料：
1、（清）纳兰性德，（清）顾太清著；夏华等编译．纳兰词 太清词 图文版：万卷出版公司，2012.05：第156页
临江仙·孤雁创作背景
这首词写于纳兰某次随从康熙出行或去边塞执行任务的途中。一路上鞍马劳顿，既无妻子来嘘寒问暖，也无朋友可把酒言欢，难免旅途孤寂，心中怅然。词人骑马行走在旷野中，猛然抬头看见了那只离群悲鸣的孤雁，“同病相怜”之感油然而生，故作下此词。
参考资料：
1、（清）纳兰性德著．纳兰词典评：中国华侨出版社，2011.01：第262页
临江仙·孤雁鉴赏
这是一首典型的咏物抒怀之作，明写离群孤雁，实写与其同病相怜的自己。
大雁不善于单独生活，离群往往是迫不得已，所以那些落单的大雁容易让人心生怜悯之情。纳兰此时就像一只“霜冷离鸿惊失伴”的孤雁，当他在满地秋霜中抬头看见那只拼命南飞、声声哀啼的大雁时，忍不住喃喃自语：“你可知这地上有个人与你同病相怜啊！”他想要把满怀愁绪用书信寄出，但“愁多书屡易”，他发现愁绪太多且变幻不定，屡屡修改增删，这封信便迟迟写不下来，于是只能对着烛光暗自垂汨，即“双泪落灯前”。越是纷乱，就越想拆解清楚。所以陷入情绪困扰中的人容易追思往事，纳兰提醒自己“莫对月明思往事”，那只会让人衣带渐宽，形影憔悴。可是这样的提醒往往是苍白的。一个人最难明白、也最难管住的莫过于自己的心。
“无端嘹唳一声传。”云中忽然传来一声孤雁哀鸣，抬头望去，那孤单的影子在初秋的寒风之中缥缈远去。末尾“西风吹只影，刚是早秋天”和上阕里“同病相怜”二句已将天上孤雁与地上旅人合二为一，所以，这孤单的“只影”既是雁，也是人，一语双关，给人留下了广阔的联想空间。
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刘桢《
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赠从弟·其三》
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储光羲《
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咏山泉》
纳兰性德简介
唐代·纳兰性德的简介
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纳兰性德（1655－1685），满洲人，字容若，号楞伽山人，清代最著名词人之一。其诗词“纳兰词”在清代以至整个中国词坛上都享有很高的声誉，在中国文学史上也占有光采夺目的一席。他生活于满汉融合时期，其贵族家庭兴衰具有关联于王朝国事的典型性。虽侍从帝王，却向往经历平淡。特殊的生活环境背景，加之个人的超逸才华，使其诗词创作呈现出独特的个性和鲜明的艺术风格。流传至今的《木兰花令·拟古决绝词》——“人生若只如初见，何事秋风悲画扇？等闲变却故人心，却道故人心易变。”富于意境，是其众多代表作之一。
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