严郑公宅同咏竹
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唐代]：杜甫
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绿竹半含箨，新梢才出墙。色侵书帙晚，阴过酒樽凉。
雨洗娟娟净，风吹细细香。但令无剪伐，会见拂云长。
严郑公宅同咏竹译文及注释
译文
嫩绿的竹子有一半还包着笋壳，新长的枝梢刚伸出墙外。翠竹的影子投映在书上，使人感到光线暗下来。竹影移过酒樽也觉得清凉。
竹经雨洗显得秀丽而洁净，微风吹来，可以闻到淡淡的清香。只要不被摧残，一定可以看到它长到拂云之高。
注释
严郑公：即严武，受封郑国公
含箨（tuò）：包有笋壳。箨：笋壳
书帙（zhì）：书套。帙：包书的布套。
严郑公宅同咏竹创作背景
这是杜甫赴好友严武家宴饮时同题之作。严武素与杜甫友善，字季鹰，华州华阴人，虽武夫，亦能诗，全唐诗中录存六首。他性豪爽，读书不甚究其义。至德后，历剑南节度使，再为成都尹。以破吐蕃功，进检校吏部尚书，封郑国公。镇剑南时，甫因避乱往依之。
严郑公宅同咏竹鉴赏
这是杜甫赴好友严武家宴饮时同题之作。严武素与杜甫友善，字季鹰，华州华阴人，虽武夫，亦能诗，全唐诗中录存六首。他性豪爽，读书不甚究其义。八岁时，因其父挺之不答其母，乃手刃父妾英。其父屡禁其习武。后以荫调太原府参军，累迁殿中侍御史。玄宗入蜀，（公元七五六年）擢谏议大夫。至德后，历剑南节度使，再为成都尹。以破吐蕃功，进检校吏部尚书，封郑国公。与杜甫最友善，镇剑南时，甫因避乱往依之。
“绿竹半含箨，新梢才出墙”描写了新发之竹，“半含”“才出”抓住了春笋蓬勃生长的典型过程。竹生长是看不见的，作者化静为动，用“含”，“出”把竹的生长过程写活了。
“色侵书帙晚”，竹的颜色绿得逼你的眼，绿色映照在书卷上，似乎是天色暗了下来，“阴过酒樽凉”，竹影摇曳，竹色青葱，晃动的竹影移过酒器，显得更加清凉了。颔联选取竹“色”给人的感受，让我们仿佛置身于竹荫中，品着清凉的美酒。
“雨洗娟娟净，风吹细细香。”细细的春雨把竹洗得一尘不染，微微的春风送来缕缕竹的清香。颈联继续从视觉和嗅觉来感触竹。
“但令无剪伐，会见拂云长。”尾联作者展开想像，仿佛看到了高高的竹已经伸入云端，轻轻的拂动着。
本诗是一首应答之作，自然少不了对主人的一番赞颂，以竹盛赞了严郑公高洁的情操，杜甫虽然长严武十四岁，严武也是一个毁誉参半的人物，但作者后半生长期依赖严武接济，出语自然更加谦恭。不过本诗也值得称道，特别是“绿竹半含箨，新梢才出墙。”与“雨洗娟娟净，风吹细细香”四句，后人单独辑录在一起，成了一首咏竹的绝佳之句。
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曹雪芹《
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咏白海棠》
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郑燮《
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咏梧桐》
杜甫简介
唐代·杜甫的简介
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杜甫（712－770），字子美，自号少陵野老，世称“杜工部”、“杜少陵”等，汉族，河南府巩县（今河南省巩义市）人，唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，杜甫被世人尊为“诗圣”，其诗被称为“诗史”。杜甫与李白合称“李杜”，为了跟另外两位诗人李商隐与杜牧即“小李杜”区别开来，杜甫与李白又合称“大李杜”。他忧国忧民，人格高尚，他的约1400余首诗被保留了下来，诗艺精湛，在中国古典诗歌中备受推崇，影响深远。759-766年间曾居成都，后世有杜甫草堂纪念。
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