咏史二首·其二
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唐代]：李商隐
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何须琥珀方为枕，岂得真珠始是车。
几人曾预南薰曲，终古苍梧哭翠华。
咏史二首·其二鉴赏
李商隐以其高度的历史责任感和艺术上的创新精神，创作了占他全部诗篇七分之一强的史诗，它们扩展了传统咏史诗的涵义，丰富了咏史诗的题材，探索了咏史诗新的手法，将其独特的思想性艺术性臻于和谐统—，在咏史诗的发展史上具有里程碑的意义。他的咏史诗不仅咏古况今，充分反映了他进步的历史观，而且借古讽今，含蓄地表达了他的现实主义倾向。同时还借题寄慨，委婉地抒发了他怀才不遇的苦闷。相对于一般诗人对时政的深沉感慨，李商隐的诗作扩大了咏史诗的表现容量。
这首诗的第一句是说，回顾以往的朝代，勤俭能使国家昌盛而奢侈腐败会使国家灭亡，提出了一切政权成败的关键。
第二句是两个典故，第一个是琥珀枕，南朝一个皇帝在四处征战的时候得到一个非常名贵的琥珀枕，但他将琥珀枕捣碎了给战士敷。第二个是齐桓公，当年齐桓公和另一个君主相遇，那个君主有很多车，每一俩车都有一颗非常大的珍珠，那个君主为此非常自豪视之为奇珍，但齐桓公说他有人才，那才是他的宝物。这一联是说明人才的重要性。
第三句也是两个典故。青海马是指能担当军国大事的人才，蜀山蛇指亡国的祸胎（当年蜀国因为五壮士拔蛇而蜀路开，导致了蜀国灭亡），这两句话其实有种国家灭亡也隐隐有天意的意思。义山其实很矛盾，他虽然知道“历览前贤国与家，成由勤俭败由奢。”，但当时是唐文宗很有雄心壮志的，可惜被家奴所制，抑郁而亡，所以义山也无法解释为何国家会走向衰败，所以他只能将其解释为天意。
最后一句的南薰曲是当年舜唱的《南风歌》，一唱而天下太平，几人曾预南薰曲的意思就是没人再听到舜的《南风歌》了，意思便是天下将打乱。苍梧是舜埋葬的地方，翠华是皇帝仪仗中顶上的华盖，最后一句话的意思是，国家如此衰败，不复当年尧舜之风了。
这首诗，诗人根据历史兴亡的史实，概括为“历览前贤国与家，成由勤俭破由奢”。这些明确的以古鉴今的态度，包含着深刻的用意，比前人的认识更自觉完整。在兴亡系于何人的问题上，尽管李商隐受时代的局限，还只能将理乱的命脉系于帝王，但在他的诗中，大都是指责他们败乱国家的。因此这种揭露更有进步意义。
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上一首：
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汪遵《
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渑池》
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下一首：
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李商隐《
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南朝》
李商隐简介
唐代·李商隐的简介
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李商隐，字义山，号玉溪（谿）生、樊南生，唐代著名诗人，祖籍河内（今河南省焦作市）沁阳，出生于郑州荥阳。他擅长诗歌写作，骈文文学价值也很高，是晚唐最出色的诗人之一，和杜牧合称“小李杜”，与温庭筠合称为“温李”，因诗文与同时期的段成式、温庭筠风格相近，且三人都在家族里排行第十六，故并称为“三十六体”。其诗构思新奇，风格秾丽，尤其是一些爱情诗和无题诗写得缠绵悱恻，优美动人，广为传诵。但部分诗歌过于隐晦迷离，难于索解，至有“诗家总爱西昆好，独恨无人作郑笺”之说。因处于牛李党争的夹缝之中，一生很不得志。死后葬于家乡沁阳（今河南焦作市沁阳与博爱县交界之处）。作品收录为《李义山诗集》。
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