西施滩
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唐代]：崔道融
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宰嚭亡吴国，西施陷恶名。
浣纱春水急，似有不平声。
西施滩译文及注释
译文
奸臣伯嚭使吴国灭亡，恶名却推在西施身上。
想当年浣纱春水滚滚，声声好似为美女不平。
注释
西施滩：西施，春秋时代的越国人，家住浙江诸暨县南的苎罗山。苎罗山下临浣江，江中有浣纱石，传说西施常在此浣纱，西施滩因而得名。
宰嚭：即伯嚭。春秋时，吴国太宰，又称太宰嚭。在吴国与越国的争战中，吴王夫差打败越国，俘虏了越王勾践及群臣，勾践贿赂了伯嚭获得了释放，回国后卧薪尝胆，终于灭了吴国。
陷：落得，这里指承担。
浣：洗。
西施滩鉴赏
西施是春秋时代的越国人，家住浙江诸暨县南的苎罗山。苎罗山下临浣江，江中有浣纱石，传说西施常在此浣纱，西施滩因而得名。这首诗不同于一般吊古伤今的登临之作，而是针对“女人祸水”这一传统的历史观念，为西施翻案。
这首诗立意新颖，议论形象而富有感情。上联平平道来，旨在澄清史实。据《史记》载，越王勾践为吴王夫差战败后困于会稽，派大夫文种将宝器美女（西施在其中）贿通吴太宰伯嚭，准许越国求和，从此越王勾践获得了休养生息的机会，其后终于灭掉了吴国。这就是历史的真相。所以诗一开头就道破问题的实质：“宰嚭亡吴国，西施陷恶名。”这个“陷”字用得十分精当，推翻了“女人祸水”论，把颠倒了的史实再颠倒过来。
议论入诗一般容易流于枯涩，而这首诗却把议论和抒情有机地结合在一起。诗人在为西施辩诬之后，很自然地将笔锋转到了西施滩，用抒情的笔触，描写了西施滩春日的情景。春天到了，江河水涨，西施当年浣纱的滩头那哗哗的江水急促奔流，好像在为她蒙上一层历史的污垢发出如泣如诉的声音，诉说着世事的不平。但春水毕竟不具有人的思想感情，这一切只能是诗人想象，所以第四句很快补上：“似有不平声。”这“似有”二字，选用得非常得体，真切自然，寄寓着作者深沉的慨叹。这一联，完全是在抒情中进行议论，在议论中渗透感情。
晚唐诗人罗隐也写过类似的诗：“家国兴亡自有时，吴人何苦怨西施。西施若解倾吴国，越国亡来又是谁？”比较起来，两诗的立意相似，又各具特色。罗诗议论充分，能联系“时运”来分析国家的兴亡，这比崔诗似觉深入一层；崔诗发议论，不仅诉诸理智，而且诉诸感情，将理智和感情自然地揉合在一起，这较之罗诗又有其高出一筹的地方。
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崔道融简介
唐代·崔道融的简介
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崔道融，江陵人。唐末诗人。以征辟为永嘉（今浙江省温州市）令。累官至右补阙。后避居于闽，因号“东瓯散人”。与司空图为诗友，人称江陵才子。工绝句。僖宗乾符二年（875年），于永嘉山斋集诗500首，辑为《申唐诗》3卷。另有《东浮集》9卷，当为入闽后所作。
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