上京即事
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元代]：萨都剌
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牛羊散漫落日下，野草生香乳酪甜。
卷地朔风沙似雪，家家行帐下毡帘。
上京即事译文及注释
译文
牛羊在落日下散步，空气中弥漫着野草的清香和乳酪的香甜。忽然间狂风大作，沙尘像雪一般袭来，家家都把帐篷的毡帘放下来。
注释
上京：即上都（今内蒙古自治区正兰旗东闪电河北岸）。上京即事――描写在上京见到的事物。
乳酪：用牛、马、羊乳炼制成的一种食品，味甜美。俗称奶豆腐。
朔风：北风。朔，一作“旋”。
行帐：即毡帐，又称旃帐。我国古代北方游牧民族牧民居住的毡制帐篷，类今之蒙古包。因易拆装，携带，便游牧迁移，故称行帐。毡帘：行帐上的毡制门帘。
拉――也作“剌（là）”。
上京即事鉴赏
《上京即事》共有五首，本篇为其中的第三首，作者六十二岁时（1333）作。诗歌描写塞外牧区风光和牧民生活，独特的自然风光和边疆风情完美融合，别具艺术魅力。前两句写夕阳映照的草原牛羊遍地，野草生香，空气中布满乳酪的甜味。这是边疆风景中宁静和熙的一面；三四句写北风劲吹，沙尘似雪，帐下毡帘，这是边疆风景中野性暴烈的一面。因此，诗歌就在对北国草原风景、气候的变幻、民俗风情的勾勒中，描绘中迥异于中原的风情，传达出新鲜的、刺激的美感。
本诗背景广阔，具有典型的北国特色，可与南北朝民歌《敕勒歌》相媲美。
西天的太阳渐渐贴近地平线，草原的牛儿羊儿们，身披夕阳的金辉，拖着圆滚滚的大肚皮，散散落落，蹒蹒跚跚，从四面八方向帐篷归拢而来。忙碌了一天的牧人，将牛羊安顿好，坐在挂起毡帘的帐篷里，喝着浓浓的砖茶，吃着甜甜的奶酪，同时透过栅木欣赏着外面的风光，一阵阵清风带着野草的香气徐徐吹来，清爽得沁人心脾。多么恬静的草原暮色啊！但是，突然狂风席卷大地，打乱了草原的平静，家家户户慌手忙脚，将毡帘扯下，躲进帐篷里面去了，只剩下咆哮的狂风和漫天的大雪――那不是雪，那是飞腾翻滚的白沙。许多人见过鹅毛大的雪片，读过“燕山雪花大如席”（李白）的诗句。然而北方草原的大雪，有时并不是一片征的白絮，而是一团团的颗粒，简直就是密密的冰雹。“卷地朔风沙似雪”，只有萨都拉这样熟悉北国景物的诗人，才能描绘出这种草原上独有的奇观。
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徐陵《
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关山月》
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柳开《
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塞上》
萨都剌简介
唐代·萨都剌的简介
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萨都剌（约1272—1355）元代诗人、画家、书法家。字天锡，号直斋。回族（一说蒙古族）。其先世为西域人，出生于雁门（今山西代县），泰定四年进士。授应奉翰林文字，擢南台御史，以弹劾权贵，左迁镇江录事司达鲁花赤，累迁江南行台侍御史，左迁淮西北道经历，晚年居杭州。萨都剌善绘画，精书法，尤善楷书。有虎卧龙跳之才，人称燕门才子。他的文学创作，以诗歌为主，诗词内容，以游山玩水、归隐赋闲、慕仙礼佛、酬酢应答之类为多，思想价值不高。萨都剌还留有《严陵钓台图》和《梅雀》等画，现珍藏于北京故宫博物院。
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