病起书怀
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宋代]：陆游
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天地神灵扶庙社，京华父老望和銮。
出师一表通今古，夜半挑灯更细看。
病起书怀译文及注释
译文
病体虚弱消瘦，以致头上的纱帽也显得宽大了，孤单一人客居在万里之外的成都江边。
虽然职位低微却从未敢忘记忧虑国事，但若想实现统一理想，只有死后才能盖棺定论。
希望天地神灵保佑国家社稷，北方百姓都在日夜企盼着君主御驾亲征收复失落的河山。
诸葛孔明的传世之作《出师表》忠义之气万古流芳，深夜难眠，还是挑灯细细品读吧。
注释
病起：病愈。
病骨：指多病瘦损的身躯。支离：憔悴；衰疲。
孤臣：孤立无助或不受重用的远臣。江干：江边；江岸。
忘忧：忘却忧虑。
阖（hé ）棺：指死亡，诗中意指：盖棺定论。
庙社：宗庙和社稷，以喻国家。
京华：京城之美称。因京城是文物、人才汇集之地，故称。 和銮（luán）：同“ 和鸾 ”。古代车上的铃铛。挂在车前横木上称“和”，挂在轭首或车架上称“銮”。诗中代指“君主御驾亲征，收复祖国河山”的美好景象。
出师一表：指三国时期诸葛亮所作《出师表》。
挑灯：拨动灯火，点灯。亦指在灯下。
参考资料：
1、李改之 游国恩．陆游诗选．北京：人民文学出版社，1963：201-202
2、山东文艺出版社编辑部．陆游诗词．济南：山东文艺出版社，2015：96-97
病起书怀创作背景
《病起书怀》作于宋孝宗淳熙三年（1176）四月，陆游时年五十二岁。被免官后病了二十多天，移居成都城西南的浣花村，病愈之后仍为国担忧，为了表现要效法诸葛亮北伐，统一中国的决心，挑灯夜读《出师表》，挥笔泼墨，写下此诗。
参考资料：
1、张永鑫;刘桂秋．陆游诗词选译．北京：凤凰出版社，2011：39-40
病起书怀鉴赏
《病起书怀》载于《剑南诗稿》，此诗贯穿了诗人忧国忧民的爱国情怀，表现了中华子民热爱祖国的伟大精神，揭示了百姓与国家的血肉关系。“位卑未敢忘忧国”这一传世警句，是诗人内心的真实写照，也是历代爱国志士爱国之心的真实写照，这也是它能历尽沧桑，历久常新的原因所在。诗人想到自己一生屡遭挫折，壮志难酬，而年已老大，自然有着深深的慨叹和感伤；但他在诗中说一个人盖棺方能论定，表明诗人对前途仍然充满着希望。
首联“病骨支离纱帽宽，孤臣万里客江干”。叙事、点题，是诗人诗文自身的写照“纱帽宽”，一语双关，既言其病后瘦损，故感帽沿宽松。也暗含被贬官之意，写出了现实，纵使有满腔报国之志，也只能身处江湖之远，客居江边，无力回天，心中的痛苦与烦恼可见一斑。
颔联“位卑未敢忘忧国，事定犹须待阖棺”。为全篇的主旨所在，其中“位卑未敢忘忧国”同顾炎武的“天下兴亡，匹夫有责“意思相近，它的主旨就是热爱祖国。这两句使我们看到诗人高尚的人格和一颗忠心爱国的赤子之心。正因为诗人光明磊落、心地坦荡，所以他对暂时遭遇的挫折并不介意。他坚信历史是公正的，是一定会对一个人做出恰如其分的评价的。但是诗人并没有局限于抒写自己的情怀，而是以国家的大事为己任。
颈联“天地神灵扶庙社，京华父老望和銮”。宕开一笔，抒写了对国家政局的忧虑同时呼吁朝廷北伐，重返故都，以慰京华父老之望。在这里诗人寄托了殷切的期望：但愿天地神灵扶持国家，使过大民众脱离战火，安乐昌盛。
尾联“出师一表通今古，夜半挑灯更细看”。采用典故抒发了诗人的爱国情怀，可收复河山对于诗人来说毫无办法。只能独自一人挑灯细看诸葛亮的传世之作，希望皇帝能早日悟出“出师一表通古今”的道理。
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秋瑾《
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对酒》
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陆游《
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秋夜将晓出篱门迎凉有感二首》
陆游简介
唐代·陆游的简介
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陆游（1125—1210），字务观，号放翁。汉族，越州山阴（今浙江绍兴）人，南宋著名诗人。少时受家庭爱国思想熏陶，高宗时应礼部试，为秦桧所黜。孝宗时赐进士出身。中年入蜀，投身军旅生活，官至宝章阁待制。晚年退居家乡。创作诗歌今存九千多首，内容极为丰富。著有《剑南诗稿》、《渭南文集》、《南唐书》、《老学庵笔记》等。
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