即事三首
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明代]：夏完淳
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复楚情何极，亡秦气未平。
雄风清角劲，落日大旗明。
缟素酬家国，戈船决死生！
胡笳千古恨，一片月临城。
战苦难酬国，仇深敢忆家？
一身存汉腊，满目渺胡沙。
落月翻旗影，清霜冷剑花。
六军浑散尽，半夜起悲笳。
一旅同仇谊，三秋故主怀。
将星沉左辅，卿月隐中台。
东阁尘宾幕，西征愧赋才。
月明笳鼓切，今夜为谁哀。
即事三首译文及注释
译文
复国的愿望多么急切难禁，消灭敌人的志气在心头热烈奔腾。
大风送来清脆而雄劲的角声，夕阳的余辉照在大旗上，红艳鲜明。
我全身缟素，立誓要报国仇家恨，指挥兵船跟敌人拼个你死我生。
听到胡笳声，激起我满腔无限的悲愤；抬头见明月已上城头，一片光明。
战斗万分艰苦，报国真是谈何容易。国仇如此深重，岂敢再顾念妻子儿女？
我终身只承认大明中国的正朔和传统，但满眼看到的是一片被敌人蹂躏的土地。
月亮照着大旗的影子不断翻飞，宝剑射出霜雪一样的白光和逼人的寒气。
可叹我们的队伍已全被打散在四处，半夜里，听到悲凉的笳声从四面响起。
旅内结成了同仇敌忾的情谊，三年里，我一直怀念先帝。
清兵攻克扬州，一颗将星就此陨落。奸臣当政，贤良之士尽皆隐蔽。
自己能力差，不能胜任义军的参谋，惭愧自己没有像潘岳一般的才能。
此夜明月高挂，响起军号之声，这是为谁而哀鸣？
注释
“复楚”二句：暗用“楚虽三户，亡秦必楚”（《史记·项羽本纪》）语意。复楚，暗指复明。亡秦，暗指亡清。
雄风：指义军的军威。清角劲：清越的号角声悲壮有力。
落日：指夕阳斜晖。大旗：指义军的军旗。
缟素：指白色的孝服。酬家国：报家国之仇。家仇，指作者之父夏允彝于1645年兵败，投水殉国。国仇，指明朝灭亡。
戈船：战船，指义军的水师。
胡笳：古代管乐器。这句指清军势大。
“战苦”一句：意思是强敌当前，形势艰苦，报仇雪恨实非易事。
敢：这里是岂敢、不敢之意。
汉腊：这里用以表示要毕身忠于明王朝。以汉代明。腊，从周代开始的一种岁中祭祀活动。
胡沙：胡人占领下满目荒凉的土地。
剑花：剑上的霜花。
六军：天子有六军，见《周礼》，这里泛指军队。浑：全。
一旅：《左传·哀公元年》：“有众一旅”注：“五百人为旅”。
“三秋”一句：公元1644年，明思宗在煤山自缢，1646年作者入吴易义军，前后三年整，故称三秋。故主怀，“怀故主”的倒装句。故主，指明思宗。
“将星”一句：指1645年清兵攻陷扬州，史可法死难。将星，古代认为帝王将相都上应天星。左辅，这里指扬州。
“卿月”一句：这里卿月比喻贤臣。中台，星名，三台之一。古代以三台喻三公之位。中台谓司徒，这里指朝廷。此句是指马士英、阮大铖等奸佞当权，朝政败坏，贤良之士尽皆隐蔽。
东阁：语出《汉书·公孙弘传》：“于是起宾馆，开东阁，以延贤人，与参谋议。”尘：玷污。宾幕：即幕宾。
西征：潘岳曾作《西征赋》。
参考资料：
1、于非．中国古代文学作品选（三）：高等教育出版社，2002：130-133
2、文化林 余镇邦．古代爱国诗词鉴赏：江西人民出版社，1987：158-159
3、蒋学浚．历代爱国诗词鉴赏：石油工业出版社，2001：213-214
即事三首创作背景
《即事三首》是作者夏完淳于清顺治二年（1646年）参加吴易抗清义军所作。当时南京已陷入敌手，作者之父夏允彝和其师陈子龙已先后兵败殉国。作者身在义军，面对著旌旗号角，怀着无限愤慨之情，写下了这组诗。
参考资料：
1、于非．中国古代文学作品选（三）：高等教育出版社，2002：130-133
2、文化林 余镇邦．古代爱国诗词鉴赏：江西人民出版社，1987：158-159
即事三首鉴赏
第一首诗的起笔即化用“楚虽三户，亡秦必楚”一语，点明主题，并以感情急切、激愤的“情何极”、“气未平”定下了全篇悲壮激越的基调，表达出作者誓灭清人，恢复明朝的强烈爱国情感。接下来由情入景，写道：雄风中，传来军中的号角声；红日里，飘动着战旗。用“角”与“旗”两个意象，用“劲”与“明”两个醒目的词，突出体现义军庄严、雄壮的军威。“缟素酬家国，戈船决死生”是写誓死报效国家，是开篇“复楚”“亡秦”的补充。“酬家国”是目的，“决死生”是决心，鲜明的突出了为雪耻复国而生死决战的惨烈情怀。最后，以悲凉的胡笳与凄冷的月色来渲染义军战斗的艰苦和作者的悲凉心情。
诗之一三联直抒抗敌复国之志，二四联描写雄豪悲壮之景，情景交融，形成诗歌颇具特色的连环映带、交综流走的气韵，最便于表达诗人内心的郁郁不平之气和铭心刻骨的家国之恨。而“一片月临城”，以景结情，更使诗意开阔，思入微茫，诗人的复国之志和家国之恨糅合在一起，浩然充塞于天地之间。
第二首着重写斗争的艰苦。诗人运用比喻、象征的手法，选取了一些具有边塞特色的意象，胡沙、悲笳等，描绘出一幅边塞特有的苍凉画面：在胡地黄沙滚滚的大漠中，夜色里回响着悲凉的胡笳之音······但这仅仅是比喻、象征而已，实际上诗人写的是起义军艰苦的抗清复明的战斗生活。首联把战斗和思乡结合起来，以“战苦”提携全篇，因为是寡难敌众才“难酬国”，因为仇深才不“敢忆家”，苦而且难，仍能坚持战斗，这就突出了仇之大且深。“仇深”二字是关键。颔联用具有民族特色的“汉腊”代指作者为之奋战不息的明朝，表达了忠于国家的决心，但明王朝大势已去，清军入侵，山河沦丧、满目荒凉，诗人痛惜而无奈的心情跃然纸上。颈联是艰苦的战斗生活的写照，“翻旗影”“冷剑花”高度概括了刀光剑影的惨烈战斗；“落月”“清霜”等典型意象，象征诗人思念故国的拳拳情怀。尾联把诗人无比痛惜、悲愤，而又无可奈何的心情推向高潮：起义军全军覆没，悲凉的胡笳之音在夜空中回荡。全诗意境厚重沉郁，慷慨悲凉，感人至深。
第三首写同仇敌忾的精神。开篇即直言对明思宗的怀念。崇祯皇帝煤山自缢，到作者写此诗时已经三年。接着写史可法蒙难，扬州城破，是各镇不听调动，福王政权腐败无权威的结果，叙述中有揭露，有批判，有深沉的感慨。接着又转向对自身的描述，惭愧自己身为幕宾而没有潘岳那样的才能，这是作者的自谦，最后以设问作结，引人深思。
三首诗的共同特点是：直抒胸臆与典型意象、景物烘托相结合。都是用对起手法，四联中有三联是对句，形成整饬的格律、庄严的风韵。都是用衬托手法表现义军不畏强敌，不畏艰苦的崇高精神，有时用比喻、象征等手法，把作者强烈爱国情感抒发出来。诗风激越而蕴藉、沉雄。
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陆游《
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书愤五首·其一》
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范成大《
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州桥》
夏完淳简介
唐代·夏完淳的简介
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夏完淳（1631～1647）原名复，字存古，号小隐、灵首（一作灵胥），乳名端哥，汉族，明松江府华亭县（现上海市松江）人，明末著名诗人，少年抗清英雄，民族英雄。夏允彝子。七岁能诗文。十四岁从父及陈子龙参加抗清活动。鲁王监国授中书舍人。事败被捕下狱，赋绝命诗，遗母与妻，临刑神色不变。著有《南冠草》、《续幸存录》等。
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李俊民
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朝醒暮醉几时休，鸡黍人家见客留。闻道曲生行处有，西村明日趁扶头。
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酒泉子 春夜
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清代：
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吴绮
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花影夭邪，晴月照人今夜。罗窗半展泪痕斜，有些些。
巫山欲梦楚云遮，绣被香寒宫麝。隔墙闻响七香车，是谁耶。
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颂古十首
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宋代：
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释行巩
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领得沩山笑里刀，方知不枉到明招。
元来树倒藤枯后，了得三年五载烧。
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题系马图
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元代：
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胡奎
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日日黄尘淹马足，谁能占得午阴凉。天闲刍豆无多恋，好解青丝八尺缰。