寄王琳
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南北朝]：庾信
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玉关道路远，金陵信使疏。
独下千行泪，开君万里书。
寄王琳译文及注释
译文
身在玉门关外道路竟如此遥远，翘望故都金陵音信又何等稀疏。
我现在激动地流下千行热泪，只因为拜读了您万里寄来的手书。
注释
王琳：（526—573年），字子珩，南北朝时期名将。庾信好友。
玉关：玉门关，在今甘肃敦煌西。《后汉书·班超传》载，班超于永平十六年（公元73年）率军赴西域，至永元十二年（公元100年），“自以久在绝域，年老思乡”，遂上疏请归，疏中说：“臣不敢望到酒泉郡，但愿生入玉门关。”庾信在这里暗用其事，以自己羁旅长安比班超“久在绝域”，所以说“玉关道路远”。
金陵：梁朝国都建康，今南京。信使：指使者。疏：稀少。
千行泪：梁王僧孺《中川长望》：“故乡相思者，当春爱颜色。独写千行泪，谁同万里忆。”
君：指王琳。万里书：从远方寄来的信。时王琳在郢城练兵，志在为梁雪耻，他寄给庾信的书信中不乏报仇雪耻之意，所以庾信为之泣下。
参考资料：
1、魏建 米寿顺主编．《山东省五年制师范学校统编教材（试用本） 中国文学（第二册）》：齐鲁书社，2001年06月第1版：第46-47页
2、许逸民译注．《古代文史名著选译丛书——庚信诗文选译（修订版）》：凤凰出版社，2011.05：第165页
寄王琳创作背景
庾信是梁朝著名的文学家。侯景之乱初步平定时，梁元帝派他出使北方的西魏，被西魏留下不许南归。庾信十分思念南方的故国。这首诗是他在北方收到王琳寄给他的信以后所作。
参考资料：
1、王树海主编；付民印著．《通赏中国古诗》：长春出版社，2014.01：第69页
寄王琳鉴赏
诗的起首“玉关道路远，金陵信使疏”，言诗人与王琳一仕北朝、一仕南国，相隔遥远，音讯难通。“金陵”、“玉关”二地名相对，“道路远”又与“信使疏”相对；“远”字表示空间的距离，“疏”表示时间的久隔，这两句对仗工整，为下句起到铺垫的作用。
“独下千行泪，开君万里书”意为接到王琳来自远方的书信，不禁沧然泪下，未曾见到信上的文字，却已经泪洒千行了。这一流泪启信的细节描写，比开君万里书，读罢千行泪更为感人，生动地表现出作者悲喜交集，感慨万端的复杂心情。尤其是一个“独”字，蕴意极深。当时，庾信虽然受到北周朝廷的赏识，在长安供职俸禄，但他“身在曹营心在汉”，暗中与王琳通信，一刻也没有忘记故国之耻。在复杂的政治环境下，他的乡关之思和南归之意是不能直率表露的，只能通过诗文曲折婉转地表现。用一个“独”字，既写出了暗中有所希冀，也写出了作者身在异邦，孤独苦闷的环境和感受。“万里书”与“千行泪”相对，皆用夸张的手法，描写此信得来之不易，又与上二句“道路远”、“信使疏”相照应，针线十分紧密，构思亦很巧妙。仅仅二十个字，却抵得过千言万语，包孕着作者十分复杂的情感，深沉含蓄，催人泪下。
前二句言南北道远，音讯疏隔。言外之意：今日居然接到故人书信，不胜惊喜。后二句写拆阅书信时的心情。王琳怀雪耻之志，可以想象信中满纸慷慨悲壮之词，使诗人深受感动，为之下泪。诗人为何拆书下泪？是有感于故人万里寄书的情谊？还是触动了悠悠乡思？或是感慨于故人的忠烈之情，而羞惭于自己的苟全？诗中均未言明。无限话语尽在潸然而下的“千行泪”中。
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沈德潜《
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过许州》
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谢灵运《
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登江中孤屿》
庾信简介
唐代·庾信的简介
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庾信（513—581）字子山，小字兰成，北周时期人。南阳新野（今属河南）人。他以聪颖的资质，在梁这个南朝文学的全盛时代积累了很高的文学素养，又来到北方，以其沉痛的生活经历丰富了创作的内容，并多少接受了北方文化的某些因素，从而形成自己的独特面貌。
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