蚕妇
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宋代]：张俞
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蚕妇译文及注释
译文
一个住在乡下以养蚕为生的妇女，昨天到城市里去赶集并且出售蚕丝。回来的时候，她却是泪流不断，伤心的泪水甚至把手巾都浸湿了。
因为她在都市中看到，全身穿着美丽的丝绸衣服的人，根本不是像她这样辛苦劳动的养蚕人！
注释
蚕妇：养蚕的妇女。蚕，一种昆虫，吐出的丝是重要的纺织原料，主要用来纺织绸缎。
市：做买卖或买卖货物地方。这里是指卖出蚕丝。
巾：手巾或者其他的用来擦抹的小块布。
遍身：全身上下。罗绮：丝织品的统称。罗，素淡颜色或者质地较稀的丝织品。绮，有花纹或者图案的丝织品。在诗中，指丝绸做的衣服。
参考资料：
1、田国钰．《中学生古诗文助读》：东北师范大学出版社，1987年：18
蚕妇创作背景
此诗写在北宋时期，充满了对当时社会的讽刺和批判。在当时的封建朝廷，人民生活痛苦难言。诗人在此时描写了一位整日辛苦劳作，不经常进城，一直在贫穷的乡下以养蚕卖丝为生的普通妇女的遭遇。
蚕妇鉴赏
诗首两句写蚕妇的伤感。妇人昨天进城里去卖丝，回来的时候却是痛哭流泪。“泪满巾”可以看出蚕妇感情刺激之深。诗人用朴素的语言无声地揭示了社会的极端不公。通过对一个蚕妇经历与感受的叙写，表达了对下层劳动人民处境的深刻同情。诗中不着一字议论，却无声地控诉了以养蚕为生、深居僻乡的劳动妇女这一形象。蚕妇初次进城，竟发现了自己贫困终生的根源，难怪她要悲伤，要痛哭流泪了。那位蚕妇的神态、见闻、感受都写得绘声绘色、有血有肉，就以这么一个生活细节，来深刻揭露封建社会制度的极端不合理，立意深刻，构思巧妙，显示了诗人对生活的敏锐洞察力和高度概括力。
后两句揭示蚕妇是因为有感于获而不劳、劳而不获的不合理社会现实而伤感。蚕妇之所以会痛哭流泪，是因为她看到，城里身穿丝绸服装的人，都是有权有势的富人。像她一样的劳动人民，即使养一辈子蚕，也是没有能力穿上美丽的丝绸衣服的。诗人用明显对比的手法概括封建社会阶级对立的现实，揭露统治者不劳而获的不合理现实，极有说服力。
这是一首言简意赅的讽喻诗，诗人借养蚕妇女的所见所感，把养蚕人衣不蔽体，不养蚕人却穿着满身绸缎加以对比，深刻地揭露了封建社会劳动人民的劳动成果遭到剥削掠夺的不合理现象。诗中反映了劳动人民生活的悲苦，表达了诗人对养蚕农妇的同情，对不劳而获的剥削阶级的愤恨，以及对整个封建社会的控诉和鞭挞。
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阮籍《
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朱淑真《
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张俞（《宋史》作张愈），生卒年不详，北宋文学家。字少愚，又字才叔，号白云先生，益州郫（今四川郫县）人，祖籍河东（今山西）。屡举不第，因荐除秘书省校书郎，愿以授父而自隐于家。文彦博治蜀，为筑室青城山白云溪。著有《白云集》，已佚。
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