落梅
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宋代]：刘克庄
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一片能教一断肠，可堪平砌更堆墙。
飘如迁客来过岭，坠似骚人去赴湘。
乱点莓苔多莫数，偶粘衣袖久犹香。
东风谬掌花权柄，却忌孤高不主张。
落梅译文及注释
译文
每一片飘零的梅花都教人触目愁肠，更哪堪残缺的花瓣凋落如雪片，铺满了台阶又堆上了墙头呢？
飘零的梅花就像匆匆过岭的迁客，坠落的梅花犹如不得已赴湘的骚人。
那么多原来美好高洁的花朵，如今却沉沦泥土与莓苔为伍，然而偶然粘上衣袖的香气，还久久不去。
啊，让东风执掌对百花的生杀予夺大权，真是差矣错矣，它忌妒梅花的孤高，对梅花任意摧残，根本不讲怜香惜玉。
注释
落梅：即掉落的梅花。
砌：台阶。
骚人：泛指忧愁失意的文人，诗人。
谬：不合情理的。
权柄：犹权利。
孤高：孤特高洁；孤傲自许。
主张：主宰；作主。
参考资料：
1、刘德奉选注,历代松竹梅诗选注,世界图书出版广东有限公司,2013.10,第161页
落梅创作背景
嘉定十七年（1224）刘克庄为建阳令，建阳在今福建北部，在当时属荒僻之地。诗人为了抒发自己遭贬斥的牢骚，并对当政者有所讥刺遂作此诗。
参考资料：
1、2. 本书编委会编,宋元诗观止 下,学林出版社,2015.08,第67页
落梅鉴赏
首联的“一片能教一断肠，可堪平砌更堆墙”，描绘了一幅凄凉衰败的落梅景象，奠定了全诗凄怆忧愤的基调。每一片落梅都使诗人触目愁肠，更何况那如雪花般飘落下来的铺满台阶又堆上了墙头的落梅呢？面对如此凄凉的景象，自然引起诗人对社会、人生的思考。
颔联进一步刻画落梅：“飘如迁客来过岭，坠似骚人去赴湘。”这两句对仗工整，化用典故，寓意深刻。两句诗不仅生动描绘了落梅凋谢飘零、随风四散的凄惨景象，而且高度概括了历史上无数“迁客”、“骚人”的坎坷一生。“飘如迁客来过岭”中的“过岭”，越过五岭，指到达今广东一带，暗喻韩愈被贬谪潮州的故事。“坠似骚人去赴湘”中的“湘”，指湘江流域，今湖南一带，暗用屈原失宠被逐，投汨罗江而死的故事。然而，这里的“迁客”、“骚人”不仅指屈原、韩愈，而且泛指历史上一切仕途坎坷的有志之士。诗人一笔双写，不仅用“迁客”、“骚人”的迁谪放逐来比喻“落梅”，且用梅花的高洁品格来赞美“迁客”、“骚人”。
颈联写落梅的最后结局：“乱点莓苔多莫数，偶粘衣袖久犹香。”这两句与陆游的《卜算子·咏梅》中的“零落成泥碾作尘，只有香如故”有异曲同工之妙。落梅虽零落成泥，但香气经久不灭。诗人在此表面是赞美梅花，实际上是对那些遭迁谪放逐但是仍坚守志节的“迁客”、“骚人”的赞颂，用笔委婉，言近旨远。
上三联重在写景，景中寓情。尾联在此基础上展开议论，是全篇的点睛之笔。“东风谬掌花权柄，却忌孤高不主张。”这两句看似指“东风”胡乱使用对百花生杀予夺的权力，即不怜香惜玉。实际上，“东风”者，指控的是执掌权柄者，诗人用暗讽的笔触巧妙而又曲折地把矛头指向历史和现实中的一切嫉贤妒能、打击人才的当权者。
这首咏梅诗不同于一般的咏物诗，有着深刻的寓意，寄托着诗人浓烈的悲愤之情。简直可视为一篇浓缩了的《离骚》。呜呼！“若非一番寒彻骨，哪得梅花扑鼻香”，刘克庄咏梅诗词之丰无人可及。不啻于斯，他的一生针对南宋“国脉微如缕”的现状，写下了大量抒发感慨的不同题材的诗篇，爱国之心“似放翁”，高洁之志“似稼轩”，其身其品一如梅花。
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陆游《
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梅花绝句·其一》
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林逋《
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山园小梅二首》
刘克庄简介
唐代·刘克庄的简介
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刘克庄(1187～1269) 南宋诗人、词人、诗论家。字潜夫，号后村。福建莆田人。宋末文坛领袖，辛派词人的重要代表，词风豪迈慷慨。在江湖诗人中年寿最长，官位最高，成就也最大。晚年致力于辞赋创作，提出了许多革新理论。
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