咏牡丹
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宋代]：陈与义
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青墩溪畔龙钟客，独立东风看牡丹。
咏牡丹译文及注释
译文
自从金人的铁蹄踏碎了祖国的河山，十年了，回望故乡洛阳，路是那么的漫长。岁月使我变得衰老不堪，今天，我独自一个，流落在青墩溪畔，在煦煦春风中，欣赏着盛开的牡丹。
注释
一自：自从。
胡尘：指金兵。入汉关：指入侵中原。
十年：从靖康二年（1126）金兵攻陷汴京到诗人作此诗时整整十年。
伊洛：河南的伊水和洛水。《国语·周语》云：“昔伊洛竭而复之。”因此，“伊洛”既指诗人的故乡洛阳，又暗寓他亡国的悲痛。
青墩：在今浙江桐乡，当时诗人所居处。
龙钟：年老体衰，行动不便的样子，诗人自指。 时诗人四十七岁，却有老态之感。
参考资料：
1、张海鸥主编 ．宋名家诗导读 ．广东 ：广东人民出版社 ，2001年 ．
咏牡丹创作背景
这首诗作于绍兴六年（1136），当时陈与义以病告退，除显谟阁直学士，提举江州太平观，寓居浙江桐乡。他虽身离官场，但心系魏阙，对国事非常关心。陈与义是洛阳人，洛阳以牡丹闻名天下，因此他见到眼前牡丹盛开，勾起了伤时忧国的情感，写下了这首传布人口的佳作。
咏牡丹鉴赏
作者陈与义是南北宋相交时的著名诗人。这首诗是作者南渡后于绍兴六年(1136年)居住在青墩（今浙江桐乡县北，与乌镇隔水相望）时所作，距靖康二年(1127年)金兵攻陷汴京正好十年。“十年伊洛路漫漫”中“路漫漫”既是说离自己的家乡洛阳（伊水、洛水）是路途遥远，也是说家乡被金兵占领的时间也已经很长久了（十年）。
在这首诗里，作者表面说的是面对春日盛开的青墩牡丹，自己独自一个在观赏，实际上想说的是什么时间我才能再回到故乡去观赏天下驰名的洛阳牡丹。但想到眼前的景况，时间在无情地流逝，自己已变得老态龙钟，然而家国破碎故土依然难回时，作者通过牡丹而强烈地表达出了对故乡深切无尽的思念及对前景的无望与悲苦万千的愁绪!
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陶渊明《
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饮酒·其五》
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何逊《
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咏早梅》
陈与义简介
唐代·陈与义的简介
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陈与义(1090-1138)，字去非，号简斋，汉族，其先祖居京兆，自曾祖陈希亮迁居洛阳，故为宋代河南洛阳人（现在属河南）。他生于宋哲宗元祐五年(1090年)，卒于南宋宋高宗绍兴八年(1138年)。北宋末，南宋初年的杰出诗人，同时也工于填词。其词存于今者虽仅十余首，却别具风格，尤近于苏东坡，语意超绝，笔力横空，疏朗明快，自然浑成，著有《简斋集》。
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