观书有感二首·其一
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宋代]：朱熹
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半亩方塘一鉴开，天光云影共徘徊。
问渠那得清如许？为有源头活水来。(那通：哪)
观书有感二首·其一译文及注释
译文
半亩大的方形池塘像一面镜子一样打开，清澈明净，天光、云影在水面上闪耀浮动。
要问池塘里的水为何这样清澈呢？是因为有永不枯竭的源头源源不断地为它输送活水。
注释
方塘：又称半亩塘，在福建尤溪城南郑义斋馆舍（后为南溪书院）内。朱熹父亲朱松与郑交好，故尝有《蝶恋花·醉宿郑氏别墅》词云：“清晓方塘开一境。落絮如飞，肯向春风定。”
鉴：一说为古代用来盛水或冰的青铜大盆。镜子；也有学者认为镜子。指像鉴（镜子）一样可以照人。
“天光”句：是说天的光和云的影子反映在塘水之中，不停地变动，犹如人在徘徊。
徘徊：来回移动。
为：因为。
渠：它，第三人称代词，这里指方塘之水。
那得：怎么会。
那：怎么的意思。
清如许：这样清澈。
如：如此，这样。
清：清澈。
源头活水：比喻知识是不断更新和发展的，从而不断积累，只有在人生的学习中不断地学习、运用和探索，才能使自己永保先进和活力，就像水源头一样。
观书有感二首·其一鉴赏
这是一首借景喻理的名诗。全诗以方塘作比喻，形象地表达了一种微妙难言的读书感受。池塘并不是一泓死水，而是常有活水注入，因此像明镜一样，清澈见底，映照着天光云影。这种情景，同一个人在读书中搞通问题、获得新知而大有收益、提高认识时的情形颇为相似。这首诗所表现的读书有悟、有得时的那种灵气流动、思路明畅、精神清新活泼而自得自在的境界，正是作者作为一位大学问家的切身的读书感受。诗中所表达的这种感受虽然仅就读书而言，却寓意深刻，内涵丰富，可以做广泛的理解。特别是“问渠那得清如许，为有源头活水来”两句，借水之清澈，是因为有源头活水不断注入，暗喻人要心灵澄明，就得认真读书，时时补充新知识。因此人们常常用来比喻不断学习新知识，才能达到新境界。人们也用这两句诗来赞美一个人的学问或艺术的成就，自有其深厚的渊源。读者也可以从这首诗中得到启发，只有思想永远活跃，以开明宽阔的胸襟，接受种种不同的思想、鲜活的知识，广泛包容，方能才思不断，新水长流。这两句诗已凝缩为常用成语“源头活水”，用以比喻事物发展的源泉和动力。
这是一首极其有艺术哲理性的小诗。人们在品味书法作品时，时常有一种神采飞扬的艺术感觉，诗中就是以象征的手法，将这种内心感觉化作可以感触的具体形象加以描绘，让读者自己去领略其中的奥妙。所谓“源头活水”，当指书写者内心的不竭艺术灵感。
诗的寓意很深，以源头活水形象地比喻丰富的书法艺术灵感才是书法艺术作品真正的不竭源泉，阐明了作者独特的读书感受，很符合书法艺术创作的特色，也反映了一般艺术创作的本质。
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苏轼《
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海棠》
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曹操《
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观沧海》
朱熹简介
唐代·朱熹的简介
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朱熹（1130年9月15日～1200年4月23日），行五十二，小名沋郎，小字季延，字元晦，一字仲晦，号晦庵，晚称晦翁，又称紫阳先生、考亭先生、沧州病叟、云谷老人、沧洲病叟、逆翁。谥文，又称朱文公。汉族，祖籍南宋江南东路徽州府婺源县（今江西省婺源），出生于南剑州尤溪（今属福建三明市）。南宋著名的理学家、思想家、哲学家、教育家、诗人、闽学派的代表人物，世称朱子，是孔子、孟子以来最杰出的弘扬儒学的大师。
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