龟虽寿
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两汉]：曹操
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神龟虽寿，犹有竟时。
螣蛇乘雾，终为土灰。
盈缩之期，不但在天；
养怡之福，可得永年。
幸甚至哉，歌以咏志。
龟虽寿译文及注释
译文
神龟的寿命即使十分长久，但也还有生命终结的时候。
螣蛇尽管能乘雾飞行，终究也会死亡化为土灰。
年老的千里马躺在马棚里，它的雄心壮志仍然是能够驰骋千里。
有远大抱负的人士到了晚年，奋发思进的雄心不会止息。
人的寿命长短，不只是由上天所决定的。
只要自己调养好身心，也可以益寿延年。
我非常庆幸，就用这首诗歌来表达自己内心的志向。
注释
该于建安十二年(207)，这时曹操五十三岁。选自《先秦汉魏晋南北朝诗》（中华书局1983年版）。这首诗是曹操所作乐府组诗《步出夏门行》中的第四章。诗中融哲理思考、慷慨激情和艺术形象于一炉，表现了老当益壮、积极进取的人生态度。此诗是曹操的乐府诗《步出夏门行》四章中的最后一章。
“神龟”二句：神龟虽能长寿，但也有死亡的时候。神龟，传说中的通灵之龟，能活几千岁。寿，长寿。 3.竟：终结，这里指死亡。
“螣(téng)蛇”二句：腾蛇即使能乘雾升天，最终也得死亡，变成灰土。腾蛇，传说中与龙同类的神物，能乘云雾升天。
骥(jì)：良马，千里马。
伏：趴，卧。
枥(lì)：马槽。
烈士：有远大抱负的人。暮年：晚年。
已：停止。
盈缩：指人的寿命长短。盈，满，引申为长。缩，亏，引申为短。
但：仅，只。
养怡：指调养身心，保持身心健康。怡，愉快、和乐。
永：长久。永年：长寿，活得长。
幸甚至哉，歌以咏志：两句是附文，跟正文没关系，只是抒发作者感情，是乐府诗的一种形式性结尾。
龟虽寿创作背景
作者是东汉末年著名的政治家、军事家曹操，此诗约作于公元208年初他平定乌桓叛乱、消灭袁绍残余势力之后，南下征讨荆、吴之前。此时曹操已经五十三岁了，不由想起了人生的路程，所以诗一开头便无限感慨。
龟虽寿鉴赏
这是一首充满诗人对生活的真切体验的哲理诗，因而写得兴会淋漓，有着一种真挚而浓烈的感情力量；哲理与诗情又是通过形象化的手法表现出来的，因而述理、明志、抒情在具体的艺术形象中实现了完美的结合。
诗中“神龟虽寿，犹有竟时。腾蛇乘雾，终为土灰。”作者从朴素的唯物论和辩证法的观点出发，否定了神龟、腾蛇一类神物的长生不老，说明了生死存亡是不可违背的自然规律。“犹有”和“终为”两个词组下得沉着。而“老骥”以下四句，语气转为激昂，笔挟风雷，使这位“时露霸气”的盖世英豪的形象跃然纸上。
“老骥伏枥，志在千里，烈士暮年，壮心不已。”笔力遒劲，韵律沉雄，内蕴着一股自强不息的豪迈气概，深刻地表达了曹操老当益壮、锐意进取的精神面貌。“壮心不已”表达了要有永不停止的理想追求和积极进取精神，永远乐观奋发，自强不息，保持思想上的青春，曹操以切身体验揭示了人的精神因素对健康的重要意义。
“盈缩之期，不但在天；养怡之福，可得永年。”表现出一种深沉委婉的风情，给人一种亲切温馨之感。全诗跌宕起伏，又机理缜密，闪耀出哲理的智慧之光，并发出奋进之情，振响着乐观声调。艺术风格朴实无华，格调高远，慷慨激昂，显示出诗人自强不息的进取精神，热爱生活的乐观精神。
人寿命的长短不完全决定于天，只要保持身心健康就能延年益寿。曹操所云“养怡之福”，不是指无所事事，坐而静养，而是说一个人精神状态是最重要的，不应因年暮而消沉。这里可见诗人对天命持否定态度，而对事在人为抱有信心的乐观主义精神，抒发了诗人不甘衰老、不信天命、奋斗不息、对伟大理想的追求永不停止的壮志豪情。
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刘桢《
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赠从弟》
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佚名《
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长歌行》
曹操简介
唐代·曹操的简介
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曹操（155年－220年正月庚子），字孟德，一名吉利，小字阿瞒，沛国谯（今安徽亳州）人，汉族。东汉末年杰出的政治家、军事家、文学家、书法家。三国中曹魏政权的缔造者，其子曹丕称帝后，追尊为武皇帝，庙号太祖。曹操精兵法，善诗歌，抒发自己的政治抱负，并反映汉末人民的苦难生活，气魄雄伟，慷慨悲凉；散文亦清峻整洁，开启并繁荣了建安文学，给后人留下了宝贵的精神财富，史称建安风骨，鲁迅评价其为“改造文章的祖师”。同时曹操也擅长书法，尤工章草，唐朝张怀瓘在《书断》中评其为“妙品”。
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