秣陵怀古
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清代]：纳兰性德
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山色江声共寂寥，十三陵树晚萧萧。
中原事业如江左，芳草何须怨六朝。
秣陵怀古译文及注释
译文
山的景色同江水的声音都已寂寥，十三陵中树木在晚风中萧萧作响。
中原的事业与江左政权一样腐朽，芳草何必为六朝的旧事而感伤呢？
注释
秣（mò）陵：金陵，即南京。
山色：钟山的景色。江声：长江的水声。
十三陵：明代十三个皇帝（从明成祖至崇祯帝）陵墓的总称。萧萧：此处状风声。
中原事业：指迁都后的明王朝。江左：建都南京的几个政权。
六朝：指东吴、东晋、宋、齐、梁、陈六个朝代。
秣陵怀古创作背景
康熙二十三年（公元1684年），纳兰性德作为御前侍卫随康熙帝离京南巡，十月至江宁（即南京），康熙帝祭祀明孝陵。贵族出身的纳兰性德触景生情，从统治者的角度，写出了这首怀古诗。
参考资料：
1、毋永利．《古诗观止》．北京：中国民主法制出版社，2012年9月：第429页
秣陵怀古鉴赏
秣陵怀古，光看题目，似乎还是传统诗词中对六朝兴亡的感慨吟咏。可纳兰性德不然，他围绕明朝开国建都于金陵，后来统治全国，迁都北京，最终仍落得个覆灭的命运展开议论。
诗的前两句是借景抒情。“山色江声共寂寥”，秦淮自古繁华地，这里江山险要，有虎踞龙盘之势。可是如今南京钟山的美景、长江的水声都归于寂静，呈现一片凄凉的景象。诗人眼前是秣陵，但思绪所及，却是对千里之外的北京郊外的“十三陵树晚萧萧”的联想，晚风吹过明皇陵，只有树叶微微作响，两者同样都是一片萧索的境况。“中原事业如江左”，这句将全诗主旨直接揭开：曾经统治全国的明朝政权，即所谓的“中原事业”，与历史上偏安于长江下游以东的六朝、也包括南明小朝廷这些所谓的“江左”政权没有什么区别。它们都是那样腐朽黑暗，荒淫逸乐，民不聊生，都是一再地重蹈历史的覆辙。一个“如”字，将看似对立的“中原”与“江左”等同了起来。这就顺理成章地得出结论：“芳草何须怨六朝”。以“芳草”来咏叹六朝衰亡的诗词从来就有很多，如韦庄《台城》：“江雨霏霏江草齐，六朝如梦鸟空啼。”王安石《桂枝香》“六朝旧事随流水，但寒烟、芳草凝绿”等皆是。纳兰性德感叹人们何必总以芳草来感伤六朝的消亡，后来的朝代更替不也都是如此。可见，在他眼里，清朝取代明朝是顺应历史发展的。
整首诗的描写在空间和时间上的跨度很大，纵横万里，上下千年，虚实相映，写景和议论相结合，寓兴亡于山色夕阳、江涛草树之中，以更广阔的历史视野来看待世事的沧桑变化，突破了前人金陵怀古之作的旧框架。
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王籍《
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入若耶溪》
纳兰性德简介
唐代·纳兰性德的简介
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纳兰性德（1655－1685），满洲人，字容若，号楞伽山人，清代最著名词人之一。其诗词“纳兰词”在清代以至整个中国词坛上都享有很高的声誉，在中国文学史上也占有光采夺目的一席。他生活于满汉融合时期，其贵族家庭兴衰具有关联于王朝国事的典型性。虽侍从帝王，却向往经历平淡。特殊的生活环境背景，加之个人的超逸才华，使其诗词创作呈现出独特的个性和鲜明的艺术风格。流传至今的《木兰花令·拟古决绝词》——“人生若只如初见，何事秋风悲画扇？等闲变却故人心，却道故人心易变。”富于意境，是其众多代表作之一。
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