五代史伶官传序
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宋代]：欧阳修
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呜呼！盛衰之理，虽曰天命，岂非人事哉！原庄宗之所以得天下，与其所以失之者，可以知之矣。
世言晋王之将终也，以三矢赐庄宗而告之曰：“梁，吾仇也；燕王，吾所立；契丹与吾约为兄弟；而皆背晋以归梁。此三者，吾遗恨也。与尔三矢，尔其无忘乃父之志！”庄宗受而藏之于庙。其后用兵，则遣从事以一少牢告庙，请其矢，盛以锦囊，负而前驱，及凯旋而纳之。
方其系燕父子以组，函梁君臣之首，入于太庙，还矢先王，而告以成功，其意气之盛，可谓壮哉！及仇雠已灭，天下已定，一夫夜呼，乱者四应，仓皇东出，未及见贼而士卒离散，君臣相顾，不知所归。至于誓天断发，泣下沾襟，何其衰也！岂得之难而失之易欤？抑本其成败之迹，而皆自于人欤？
《书》曰：“满招损，谦得益。”忧劳可以兴国，逸豫可以亡身，自然之理也。故方其盛也，举天下之豪杰，莫能与之争；及其衰也，数十伶人困之，而身死国灭，为天下笑。夫祸患常积于忽微，而智勇多困于所溺，岂独伶人也哉！作《伶官传》。
五代史伶官传序译文及注释
译文
唉！盛衰的道理，虽说是天命决定的，难道说不是人事造成的吗？推究庄宗所以取得天下，与他所以失去天下的原因，就可以明白了。
世人传说晋王临死时，把三枝箭赐给庄宗，并告诉他说：“梁国是我的仇敌，燕王是我推立的，契丹与我约为兄弟，可是后来都背叛我去投靠了梁。这三件事是我的遗恨。交给你三枝箭，你不要忘记你父亲报仇的志向。”庄宗受箭收藏在祖庙。以后庄宗出兵打仗，便派手下的随从官员，用猪羊去祭告祖先，从宗庙里恭敬地取出箭来，装在漂亮的丝织口袋里，使人背着在军前开路，等打了胜仗回来，仍旧把箭收进宗庙。
当他用绳子绑住燕王父子，用小木匣装着梁国君臣的头，走进祖庙，把箭交还到晋王的灵座前，告诉他生前报仇的志向已经完成，他那神情气概，是多么威风！等到仇敌已经消灭，天下已经安定，一人在夜里发难，作乱的人四面响应，他慌慌张张出兵东进，还没见到乱贼，部下的兵士就纷纷逃散，君臣们你看着我，我看着你，不知道哪里去好；到了割下头发来对天发誓，抱头痛哭，眼泪沾湿衣襟的可怜地步，怎么那样的衰败差劲呢！难道说是因为取得天下难，而失去天下容易才像这样的吗？还是认真推究他成功失败的原因，都是由于人事呢？
《尚书》上说：“自满会招来损害，谦虚能得到益处。”忧劳可以使国家兴盛，安乐可以使自身灭亡，这是自然的道理。因此，当他兴盛时，普天下的豪杰，没有谁能和他相争；到他衰败时，数十个乐官就把他困住，最后身死国灭，被天下人耻笑。祸患常常是由一点一滴极小的错误积累而酿成的，纵使是聪明有才能和英勇果敢的人，也多半沉溺于某种爱好之中，受其迷惑而结果陷于困穷，难道只有乐工（是所溺的成分）吗？于是作《伶官传》。
注释
伶官：伶，戏子，或唱戏杂技演员，现代的娱乐人员。宫庭里供统治者娱乐表演的人物。可见封建朝代不思于民生，不思于进取，奢华淫乐而痛失天下！伶官尚能使天下易主，可见不居安思危之害！
原：推本求源，推究。
其：语气副词，表示期望、命令的语气。
庙：太庙，帝王祭祀祖先的宗庙。
从事：这里指负责具体事物的官员。
一少牢：用猪、羊各一头作祭品。牢，祭祀用的牲畜。
组：丝带，这里指绳索。
抑：或者
逸豫：逍遥游乐，不能居安思危。
所溺：沉溺迷恋的人或事物。
乃:你，你的。
顾：看。
函：用木匣装。
忽微：极细小的东西。
纳：放回。
仇雠：仇敌。
《书》曰：语出《尚书·大禹谟》。
及：等到。
所溺：沉溺迷爱的人或事物。
五代史伶官传序鉴赏
这是一篇著名的史论。作者认为，国家的盛衰，事业的成败，主要取决于人事，取决于执政者的思想行为。并扼要提出“忧劳可以兴国，逸豫可以亡身”，“祸患常积于忽微，而智勇多困于所溺”等具体论断，精辟透彻，发人深省。
本文阐明观点的主要论据，是五代后唐庄宗先盛后衰，先成后败的历史事实，例据典型而有说服力。在写法上，则欲抑而先扬，先极赞庄宗成功时意气之“壮”，再叹其失败时形势之“衰”，通过盛与衰，兴与亡，得与失，成与败的强烈对比，突出庄宗历史悲剧的根由所在，使“本其成败之迹，而皆自与人”的结论，显得更加令人信服。
文章笔力雄健而有气势，表达情见乎辞，篇幅虽然短小，却是一篇搏兔而用全力之作。
文中所议论的后唐庄宗李存勖是沙陀族人李克用之长子，是五代的风云人物。李克用在临终之前，以三矢付庄宗要他报仇，叮嘱切切。李克用死后，李存勖嗣位，他谨记父亲遗言，讨刘仁恭，伐契丹，灭后梁，建立了后唐政权。但称帝后却沉迷于奢侈享乐的生活，宠信伶人，不问国事。四方藩镇见伶人被宠爱，纷纷贿以财物，谋取私利。而那些正直的臣僚因不肯行贿，为伶人谗言所诬陷，竟无辜被杀。后唐国政于是日趋衰败，动乱接连而生，李存勖本人最终也死在他极为宠信的伶人郭从谦的手中.。欧阳修目睹国家积弱不振的现实和当权者的骄奢淫逸，忧心仲仲，正是出于以古鉴今的考虑。欧阳修在这篇史论中，提出了“忧劳可以兴国，逸豫可以亡身”的见解，意在为当时的统治者敲响警钟，可谓寄语深长，发人深省。
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欧阳修《
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五代史宦官传序》
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左丘明《
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阴饴甥对秦伯》
欧阳修简介
唐代·欧阳修的简介
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欧阳修（1007－1072），字永叔，号醉翁，晚号“六一居士”。汉族，吉州永丰（今江西省永丰县）人，因吉州原属庐陵郡，以“庐陵欧阳修”自居。谥号文忠，世称欧阳文忠公。北宋政治家、文学家、史学家，与韩愈、柳宗元、王安石、苏洵、苏轼、苏辙、曾巩合称“唐宋八大家”。后人又将其与韩愈、柳宗元和苏轼合称“千古文章四大家”。
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烟渚蒹葭扑晴雪，蓼花暗染猩猩血。七月八月江水深，戏藻穿蒲饱鱼鳖。
大船小船高揭篷，罾罩竞入洄流中。碧涛徐捲手初举，锦鳞翠鬣翻秋风。
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赠闽帅
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明代：
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张元凯
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十载登坛未二毛，将军劳苦自功高。列营曾按先驱辔，下濑尝投后饮醪。
肘畔累累元鹊化，韔中矫矫是乌号。尉佗魋结犹南国，莫使尘埃蔽宝刀。