谏院题名记
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宋代]:司马光
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古者谏无官,自公卿大夫,至於工商,无不得谏者。汉兴以来,始置官。
夫以天下之政,四海之众,得失利病,萃於一官使言之,其为任亦重矣。居是官者,常志其大,舍其细;先其急,后其缓;专利国家而不为身谋。彼汲汲於名者,犹汲汲於利也,其间相去何远哉!
天禧初,真宗诏置谏官六员,责其职事。庆历中,钱君始书其名於版,光恐久而漫灭。嘉祐八年,刻於石。后之人将历指其名而议之曰:“某也忠,某也诈,某也直,某也曲。”呜呼!可不惧哉!
谏院题名记译文及注释
译文
在古代没有专门来规劝君王的官职,从官居高位的公卿大夫到市井百姓从事手工业和从商的人,都可以规劝君王。(等到)汉朝兴盛开始,才有了谏官的称号。
将天下所有的政事,四海之内的百姓,国家社稷的得与失,优势和弊病,都交萃于谏官身上,让他正确地将一切说出来。(谏官)的责任相当重啊!要当好一个谏官,(应当)注意重要的方面,舍弃细微的地方;把情况紧急的事放在前面,把不要紧的事放在后面;只为国家作贡献而不要将自己放在国家前面。那些在名声方面急切的人,一定会在利益方面贪图。(如果这样成为一个谏官的话)那其中的差距又相差多远呢?
天禧初年的时候,真宗下诏设立谏官六名,来监督皇帝的行为。庆历中的时候,钱君开始将谏官的名字书写在专门的文书上,我恐怕日子长了名字会磨灭掉。(于是)在嘉祐八年时,将谏官的名字刻在石头上。(这样)以后的人就可以逐个对着名字议论道:“这个人是忠臣,这个人是奸臣,这个人正直,这个人偏邪。”哎,真是令人警戒啊!
注释
(1)天禧:宋真宗(赵恒)年号。
(2)庆历:宋仁宗(赵祯)年号。
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司马迁《
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孔子世家赞》
司马光简介
唐代·司马光的简介
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司马光(1019年11月17日-1086年),字君实,号迂叟,陕州夏县(今山西夏县)涑水乡人,《宋史》,《辞海》等明确记载,世称涑水先生。生于河南省信阳市光山县。北宋史学家、文学家。历仕仁宗、英宗、神宗、哲宗四朝,卒赠太师、温国公,谥文正,主持编纂了中国历史上第一部编年体通史《资治通鉴》,为人温良谦恭、刚正不阿,其人格堪称儒学教化下的典范,历来受人景仰。生平著作甚多,主要有史学巨著《资治通鉴》、《温国文正司马公文集》、《稽古录》、《涑水记闻》、《潜虚》等。
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