与歌者何戡
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唐代]：刘禹锡
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二十余年别帝京，重闻天乐不胜情。
旧人唯有何戡在，更与殷勤唱渭城。
与歌者何戡译文及注释
译文
我离别京城已经二十多载，今日重闻宫中旧曲，心中无限感慨。
当年老相识就只剩下何戡一个，他又殷勤地把《渭城曲》唱起来。
注释
何戡：元和、长庆年间一位著名的歌手。
帝京：帝都，京都。
天乐：指宫中演奏的音乐。不胜情：感情无法抑制。
更：再。渭城：乐府曲名。亦名“阳关”。
与歌者何戡鉴赏
“二十余年别帝京，重闻天乐不胜情”。两句所指自然是大和二年（828年）诗人回到长安的事与情，但这话同时也就告诉了读者“二十余年”前，诗人曾在帝京，并且听过“天乐”。这表明诗人当年并非长安一布衣。一别多年，帝京重返，且又听到熟悉的“天乐”，此时此地，直教诗人情难自已。这“情”的内涵是喜，还是悲，是伤，抑是慨，并没有明确说出，要知道答案，就必须了解诗人“二十余年”前在长安的情况，而后又是怎样“别帝京”的，“别”后这二十多年又是怎么度过的，还有与他一样告“别帝京”的朋友们，又有着怎样的遭遇。这些问题，事实上就是一段“永贞革新”的兴起和失败的历史，保守势力对革新派残酷迫害的历史，这里有包括诗人在内的“二王八司马”的悲剧，还有这些悲剧人物之间的相互激励、相濡以沫的动人的篇章。只有思索回味了这些，读者才能体会到“二十余年别帝京，重闻天乐不胜情”的深沉的内涵，和无限的悲慨。对此，诗人有时也表现得比较明快直率，比如“昔年意气结群英，几度朝回一字行。海北天南零落尽，两人相见洛阳城”（《洛中逢韩七中丞之吴兴口号》）。这是头一年（827年）回长安途中在洛阳遇到韩泰时写的，可见这种悲愤之情，久已郁积于胸，“洛中逢韩七”，“重闻天乐”，都不过是遇事则动、借题发挥而已。
一二两句由今而入昔，思绪万端，言简意丰，情溢于词，而对于全诗来说还只是开始，它给与何戡重逢创造了环境和心理的背景。第三句折转入正题，妙以何戡之在，点出“旧人”之不在，如此情景，则“在”亦悲，“不在”亦悲，无限悲痛，隐于字背。况且唯有的一位旧人何戡，又偏不忘旧事，又为他唱起了当年送别的离歌《渭城曲》——“西出阳关无故人”——可没有人能想到重入长安无故人。何戡一曲，往日的“别帝京”，此时的耆旧凋零，更是齐袭心头，千层浪，万重波。滔滔难平。有人说艺术贵在引人思索，此诗之妙，大概也在于此。
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韩愈《
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落齿》
刘禹锡简介
唐代·刘禹锡的简介
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刘禹锡（772－842），字梦得，汉族，中国唐朝彭城（今徐州）人，祖籍洛阳，唐朝文学家，哲学家，自称是汉中山靖王后裔，曾任监察御史，是王叔文政治改革集团的一员。唐代中晚期著名诗人，有“诗豪”之称。他的家庭是一个世代以儒学相传的书香门第。政治上主张革新，是王叔文派政治革新活动的中心人物之一。后来永贞革新失败被贬为朗州司马（今湖南常德）。据湖南常德历史学家、收藏家周新国先生考证刘禹锡被贬为朗州司马其间写了著名的“汉寿城春望”。
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